+P ammo, also known as overpressure ammunition, is a type of small arms ammunition loaded to generate a higher internal pressure when fired than is standard for its specific caliber. This increased pressure typically results in greater velocity and energy compared to standard ammunition.
Understanding +P and +P+ Designations
The "P" in +P stands for "pressure," indicating that the ammunition is loaded to produce a higher pressure inside the firearm's chamber upon firing. The "++" in +P+ signifies an even greater pressure increase beyond standard +P specifications, though often without a formally established industry standard like +P.
While +P ammunition produces higher pressures, it is crucial to understand that these pressures are still significantly below those generated by "proof rounds." Proof rounds are exceptionally high-pressure cartridges fired in controlled environments to test the strength and safety of a newly manufactured firearm before it is sold.
Why Use +P Ammunition?
The primary purpose of using +P ammunition is to enhance the ballistic performance of a given cartridge. This can lead to several advantages:
- Increased Muzzle Velocity: The bullet leaves the barrel at a higher speed.
- Greater Muzzle Energy: The bullet carries more kinetic energy, potentially improving terminal performance.
- Enhanced Stopping Power: For self-defense or hunting applications, the increased energy can contribute to more effective target neutralization.
- Improved Penetration: Higher velocity and energy can allow the bullet to penetrate deeper into a target.
These benefits make +P ammunition a popular choice for personal defense, certain hunting scenarios, or when maximizing the performance of a compact firearm is desired.
Important Considerations for +P Ammunition
While +P ammunition offers performance advantages, its use requires careful consideration:
- Firearm Compatibility: Not all firearms are designed to safely handle the increased pressures of +P ammunition. Firing +P in a non-rated firearm can lead to catastrophic failure, injury, or severe damage to the firearm. Always check your firearm's owner's manual or consult the manufacturer to confirm +P compatibility.
- Increased Wear and Tear: Even in firearms rated for +P, consistent use of overpressure ammunition can accelerate wear on components due to the higher stresses involved.
- Higher Recoil: The increased powder charge and pressure will result in noticeably more recoil, which can affect shooter comfort, follow-up shot accuracy, and training.
- Cost: +P ammunition is often more expensive than standard loads.
Common Calibers Available in +P
Several popular handgun calibers are commonly manufactured in +P variants, including:
- 9mm Luger (+P): A very common personal defense round.
- .38 Special (+P): Often used to boost the performance of revolvers designed for the standard .38 Special.
- .45 ACP (+P): Provides a power increase for the popular .45 caliber.
Standard vs. +P Ammunition Comparison
To better illustrate the differences, here's a quick comparison:
| Feature | Standard Ammunition | +P Ammunition |
|---|---|---|
| Internal Pressure | Standard for its caliber | Higher than standard, below proof rounds |
| Muzzle Velocity | Standard | Increased |
| Muzzle Energy | Standard | Increased |
| Firearm Compatibility | Generally broad compatibility | Requires firearms specifically rated for +P loads |
| Recoil | Standard for caliber | Noticeably higher |
| Firearm Wear | Normal | Potentially increased with prolonged use |
In summary, +P ammo provides a performance boost for specific calibers but necessitates a thorough understanding of firearm compatibility and potential long-term effects on the weapon.
