The carpus refers to the bones of the wrist.
The carpus, also known as the wrist, is a complex joint that connects the hand to the forearm. It's composed of eight small carpal bones arranged in two rows, which allows for a wide range of movements.
Carpal Bones
The eight carpal bones are:
-
Proximal Row (from radial to ulnar side):
- Scaphoid
- Lunate
- Triquetrum
- Pisiform
-
Distal Row (from radial to ulnar side):
- Trapezium
- Trapezoid
- Capitate
- Hamate
Function of the Carpus
The carpus performs several essential functions:
- Provides Flexibility: The multiple bones and their arrangement allows for a broad range of wrist movements, including flexion, extension, abduction (radial deviation), and adduction (ulnar deviation).
- Load Transfer: It acts as a link between the hand and forearm, transferring forces during activities like lifting and gripping.
- Shock Absorption: The carpal bones, along with cartilage and ligaments, help to cushion the impact on the forearm during forceful movements.
Clinical Significance
The carpus is susceptible to various injuries and conditions, including:
- Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel.
- Scaphoid Fracture: A common wrist fracture, often resulting from a fall onto an outstretched hand.
- Carpal Instability: Disruption of the ligaments that stabilize the carpal bones, leading to abnormal wrist mechanics.
- Arthritis: Inflammation of the carpal joints, causing pain and stiffness.
Understanding the anatomy and function of the carpus is crucial for diagnosing and treating wrist injuries and conditions.
