The Romans referred to the city now known as Naples as Neapolis. This name, meaning "New City" in Greek, was inherited from its Greek founders.
The Hellenic Roots of a Roman City
Naples boasts a rich history stretching back to ancient times. It was founded around 600 BCE as Neapolis by Greek settlers, establishing it as a significant center in Magna Graecia (Greater Greece), the areas of southern Italy colonized by the ancient Greeks. This "New City" was established close to an even older settlement, Palaepolis, which had taken its name from the mythical siren Parthenope.
When the Roman Republic gradually expanded its influence and eventually incorporated the region of Campania, including Neapolis, into its vast empire, they largely adopted the existing Greek name. While spoken with a Latin accent and sometimes seen in a Latinized spelling, the name "Neapolis" persisted, reflecting its enduring cultural identity despite Roman dominion.
Key Aspects of Roman Neapolis
Under Roman rule, Neapolis maintained a degree of Greek culture and language, even as it became an integral part of the Roman world. It was known for:
- Strategic Port: Its natural harbor made it a vital maritime hub in the Tyrrhenian Sea, facilitating trade and naval operations.
- Cultural Center: It remained a vibrant center for Greek arts, philosophy, and learning, attracting scholars and artists.
- Luxurious Retreat: The picturesque Bay of Naples, with Neapolis as a prominent city, became a popular retreat for wealthy Romans, attracting emperors and senators who built lavish villas along its scenic coast.
- Public Works: Like other Roman cities, Neapolis benefited from Roman engineering, including the construction of aqueducts, theaters, and public bathhouses, enhancing its infrastructure and daily life.
Naming Through the Ages
The continuity of the name "Neapolis" from its Greek origins through the Roman period highlights the city's unique historical trajectory.
| Era | Name | Origin/Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Greek Founding | Neapolis | "New City" (Greek) |
| Roman Period | Neapolis | Retained Greek name |
| Modern | Naples | Derived from Neapolis |
The city's ancient name is a testament to its enduring legacy as a cultural crossroads throughout classical antiquity. For more details on the history of Naples, you can explore resources like Britannica's entry on Naples.
