The name "camel hair brush" is largely a historical misnomer, as most modern brushes sold under this name are not actually made from camel hair. They are, in fact, typically crafted from softer, more pliable natural hairs, most commonly squirrel hair or blends of other animal fibers.
What is a "Camel Hair Brush" Actually Made Of?
Despite its name, a camel-hair brush is a type of paintbrush known for its soft bristles made from natural animal hairs. These brushes are valued for their ability to hold a significant amount of liquid and apply smooth, even washes.
Common materials found in brushes labeled "camel hair" include:
- Squirrel Hair: This is the most prevalent material due to its exceptional softness, fine tips, and superb liquid retention, making it ideal for watercolors.
- Pony Hair: Often used for its softness, affordability, and resilience, suitable for general painting and craft applications.
- Goat Hair: Known for its very fine texture and excellent water absorption, frequently used in wash brushes.
- Blends: Many "camel hair" brushes feature a mix of these different fibers to achieve a balance of softness, durability, and cost-effectiveness.
Why Not Actual Camel Hair?
Actual camel hair is generally not considered a suitable material for modern artist's brushes because its texture is too coarse and stiff compared to other animal hairs like squirrel or sable. It lacks the fine tips, flexibility, and smooth flow required for delicate brushwork, precise lines, or controlled washes in most artistic contexts. Its natural curl can also make it difficult to form into a cohesive brush tip.
The Historical Roots of the Name
The enduring name "camel hair brush" likely stems from historical practices and associations, rather than current material use.
- Ancient Chinese Ink Brushes: Historically, camel hair was employed in the creation of traditional Chinese ink brushes. These brushes served different purposes in calligraphy and traditional painting techniques, where the properties of camel hair might have been more appropriate for specific styles.
- Textile Industry: The term also gained prominence from its use in camel hair cloth, a luxuriously soft fabric. This association with softness in textiles might have contributed to the name being adopted for soft brushes, even if the material wasn't the same.
- Marketing and Tradition: Over time, the name became a widely accepted descriptor for a category of soft, often inexpensive brushes, particularly those used for watercolors, tempera, and glues. The name simply stuck due to tradition and general recognition, regardless of the actual fiber content.
Characteristics and Uses of "Camel Hair" Brushes
Regardless of their actual material, brushes labeled "camel hair" are prized for specific qualities that make them suitable for various applications.
| Characteristic | Description | Benefit |
|---|---|---|
| Exceptional Softness | Provides a smooth, even application without leaving harsh brush marks. | Ideal for washes, blending, glazing, and delicate details. |
| High Absorbency | Holds a good amount of liquid, reducing the need for frequent reloading. | Excellent for watercolor washes, glue application, and broad coverage. |
| Affordability | Generally less expensive than synthetic or premium natural hair brushes. | Great for beginners, schools, craft projects, and general utility tasks. |
Common Applications:
- Watercolor Painting: Their absorbency and softness make them excellent for applying washes, blending colors, and creating smooth gradients.
- Tempera and Gouache: Provides smooth, even coverage for opaque paints.
- Crafts and Hobbies: Ideal for applying glue, varnish, stains, or for general painting tasks on various surfaces.
- Dusting and Cleaning: Their softness makes them suitable for gently dusting delicate surfaces, electronics, or camera lenses without scratching.
Choosing the Right Soft Brush
When selecting a soft-haired brush, consider the actual material and its intended use to ensure you get the best performance.
- Material Specificity: If extreme softness, fine tips, and superior absorbency are crucial (e.g., for professional watercolor work), look for brushes specifically labeled "squirrel hair" rather than just "camel hair."
- Brush Shape: Choose between round brushes for detail and lines, flat brushes for bold strokes and edges, or wash brushes for large, even applications.
- Handle Length: Shorter handles are typically preferred for close-up, detailed work, while longer handles are common for easel painting.
