The highest barometric pressure ever recorded on Earth was 1,084.8 hPa (32.03 inHg). This extraordinary atmospheric pressure was measured in Tosontsengel, Mongolia, on 19 December 2001.
The Record-Breaking Atmospheric Pressure
This specific record is notable because it was adjusted to sea level and occurred at an elevation above 750 meters, highlighting the unique atmospheric conditions that led to such an extreme reading. High pressure systems are typically associated with cold, dense air and stable weather patterns.
Here are the key details of this record:
| Aspect | Detail |
|---|---|
| Value | 1,084.8 hPa (32.03 inHg) |
| Location | Tosontsengel, Mongolia |
| Date | 19 December 2001 |
| Conditions Noted | Adjusted-to-sea level, above 750 meters elevation |
Understanding Barometric Pressure
Barometric pressure, also known as atmospheric pressure, is the force exerted by the weight of the air in the Earth's atmosphere on a given surface area. It is a fundamental meteorological variable that plays a crucial role in weather forecasting.
- Measurement Units: It is commonly measured in hectopascals (hPa), which are equivalent to millibars (mb), or in inches of mercury (inHg).
- Average Pressure: At sea level, the average atmospheric pressure is around 1013.25 hPa (29.92 inHg). Deviations from this average indicate changes in weather conditions.
Factors Contributing to High Pressure
Extremely high barometric pressure readings are not common and typically occur under specific meteorological and geographical circumstances:
- Cold, Dense Air: Cold air is denser than warm air, meaning it contains more air molecules in the same volume. This increased density contributes to higher pressure.
- Anticyclonic Systems: These are large-scale weather systems characterized by downward-moving air (subsidence) and outward-spiraling winds in the Northern Hemisphere (clockwise) and Southern Hemisphere (counter-clockwise). Subsidence compresses the air, increasing its density and, consequently, the pressure at the surface.
- Geographic Location: Continental interiors, especially those in high latitudes or with high elevations like the Mongolian steppes, are prone to very cold temperatures in winter. The land cools rapidly, leading to the formation of vast domes of cold, dense air that generate intense high-pressure systems.
Impact of High Pressure Systems
High-pressure systems typically bring stable, clear, and calm weather conditions. The descending air prevents cloud formation and precipitation, leading to sunny skies during the day and often clear, cold nights. In winter, strong high-pressure systems over continental areas can lead to extremely low temperatures due to radiative cooling under clear skies.
