Number 42 is retired across Major League Baseball (MLB) in honor of Jackie Robinson, recognizing his groundbreaking achievements and enduring legacy as the player who broke the sport's color barrier.
The Enduring Legacy of Jackie Robinson
Jackie Robinson made history on April 15, 1947, when he debuted for the Brooklyn Dodgers, shattering the long-standing color barrier in professional baseball. His courage, skill, and resilience in the face of immense prejudice paved the way for African American players and significantly impacted the Civil Rights Movement. Robinson's actions transcended baseball, making him a symbol of social change and equality.
A Historic Retirement Across MLB
To permanently honor Jackie Robinson's monumental contributions and ensure his legacy resonated throughout the sport, Major League Baseball made the unprecedented decision in 1997 to retire his uniform number, 42, across all MLB teams. This marked the first and only time a uniform number has been universally retired across an entire professional sport.
Key aspects of this historic move include:
- Universal Retirement: Unlike individual team retirements, No. 42 was retired by every MLB club simultaneously, signifying Robinson's impact on the entire league.
- Honoring a Pioneer: The act served as a perpetual tribute to Robinson's bravery and his role in integrating baseball, which had ripple effects far beyond the diamond.
While the number was retired league-wide, there was a specific provision: players who were actively wearing No. 42 at the time of the 1997 announcement were permitted to continue wearing it for the remainder of their careers. This allowed a few players to still sport the number until their retirement, with New York Yankees closer Mariano Rivera being the last active player to wear it when he retired in 2013.
Symbolism and Ongoing Recognition
Today, number 42 symbolizes:
- Courage and Resilience: Robinson's ability to withstand immense pressure and discrimination.
- Equality and Opportunity: His role in breaking down racial barriers and opening doors for future generations.
- Progress in Sports and Society: A constant reminder of how sports can drive significant social change.
Every year on April 15th, MLB celebrates Jackie Robinson Day, during which all players, managers, and coaches wear number 42 to collectively honor his legacy and commitment to social justice. This annual tradition further cements the number's significance and ensures that Robinson's story continues to inspire new generations.
Learn more about Jackie Robinson's impact on baseball and society at MLB.com.
