The term "apothecary" appears in English versions of the Bible, specifically found eight times within the Old Testament and Apocrypha. While the word "apothecary" is used, the Hebrew word it translates from is more accurately rendered "perfumer" by modern translations like the Revised Version (RV).
Understanding the Term in Biblical Context
In ancient times, an "apothecary" or "perfumer" was an individual skilled in compounding spices, oils, and other fragrant substances. Their expertise was crucial for creating:
- Holy Anointing Oil: Used for consecrating priests, tabernacle articles, and kings (Exodus 30:25).
- Sacred Incense: Burned in the Tabernacle and Temple for worship (Exodus 30:35; 37:29).
- Medicinal or Cosmetic Preparations: Though less emphasized, "perfumers" would also create unguents and balms for personal use or health.
The presence of "apothecary" in certain verses highlights the specialized craft involved in religious rituals and daily life. The distinction made by the Revised Version to "perfumer" for several instances (e.g., in Exodus and Ecclesiastes) emphasizes the primary function of these individuals as creators of fragrances and aromatic compounds, rather than solely dispensers of medicines in the modern sense of an apothecary. However, it's notable that in other verses, such as those concerning Asa's burial or the rebuilding of Jerusalem's wall, the RV retains "apothecary," indicating a broader or traditional usage in those contexts.
Specific Occurrences of "Apothecary"
While the term appears eight times, here are some key instances where "apothecary" is used in English Bible versions, along with notes on their translation by the Revised Version:
| Bible Book | Chapter and Verse | Contextual Meaning | Revised Version Translation Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exodus | 30:25 | Ingredients for holy anointing oil | Rendered as "perfumer" |
| Exodus | 30:35 | Ingredients for sacred incense | Rendered as "perfumer" |
| Exodus | 37:29 | Preparation of the holy anointing oil and pure incense | Rendered as "perfumer" |
| 2 Chronicles | 16:14 | Burial of King Asa, whose body was filled with "sweet odours and divers kinds of spices prepared by the apothecaries' art" | Retained as "apothecary" |
| Nehemiah | 3:8 | Mention of Hananiah, one of the "apothecaries," involved in rebuilding Jerusalem's wall | Retained as "apothecary" |
| Ecclesiastes | 10:1 | "Dead flies cause the ointment of the apothecary to send forth a stinking savour" | Rendered as "perfumer" |
These passages illustrate the varied contexts in which the term was used, from religious ritual preparations to professional tradespeople within society. The nuanced translation underscores the specialized role of these individuals in handling precious and potent aromatic substances.
