The suprasellar cistern is a critical anatomical space within the brain, acting as a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-filled compartment located above the sella turcica. It is readily identifiable through medical imaging, appearing as a distinctive five- or six-pointed, star-shaped structure when visualized with computerized axial tomography (CAT).
Anatomical Features and Contents
This important cistern is not merely an empty space but a vital area housing several crucial neurological and vascular components. Its star-shaped configuration on imaging studies helps clinicians identify its boundaries and assess for abnormalities.
Within the suprasellar cistern, at various levels, one can find:
- Major Intracranial Vessels: These are significant blood vessels supplying the brain.
- Anastomotic Channels: These are connections between the major blood vessels, providing alternative routes for blood flow.
- Optic Nerves: The nerves responsible for transmitting visual information from the eyes to the brain.
- Optic Chiasm: The point where the optic nerves from both eyes cross and exchange fibers.
- Infundibular Stalk: Also known as the pituitary stalk, this structure connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland.
Imaging and Clinical Significance
The distinct appearance and contents of the suprasellar cistern make it a key area for diagnostic evaluation using imaging techniques like computerized axial tomography (CAT). Any deviation from its normal shape, size, or contents can indicate various neurological conditions, including tumors, inflammation, or vascular anomalies, making its assessment crucial in neuroimaging. Its fluid-filled nature allows for clear visualization against surrounding brain tissue.
