Several viruses can be present in breast milk, with some having a demonstrated capacity for transmission to the infant through breastfeeding. Understanding which viruses can be secreted and potentially transmitted is crucial for informed healthcare decisions.
Viruses Transmitted Via Breast Milk
The following viruses have been identified with demonstrated transmission through breastfeeding:
| Virus Family | Virus | Demonstrated Transmission Through Breastfeeding |
|---|---|---|
| Flaviviridae | Zika Virus (ZIKV) | Yes |
| Flaviviridae | Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) | Yes, particularly if the nipples and/or surrounding areola are cracked and bleeding |
| Hepadnaviridae | Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) | Yes |
| Hepeviridae | Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) | Yes |
Key Considerations for Viral Transmission Through Breast Milk
While these viruses can be secreted in breast milk and potentially transmitted, certain factors influence the likelihood and risk:
- Hepatitis C Virus (HCV): Transmission of HCV through breast milk is rare but can occur, especially if there are open sores, cracks, or bleeding from the nipples or surrounding breast tissue, allowing the virus to enter the milk from the mother's blood.
- Other Viruses: For viruses like Zika, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis E, their presence in breast milk signifies a potential route of transmission, highlighting the importance of monitoring and appropriate medical guidance.
It's important to note that the presence of a virus in breast milk does not always guarantee transmission to the infant, nor does it always lead to symptomatic infection. However, the potential for transmission exists for these identified viruses.
