The British left India primarily because they could no longer afford to administer the country after World War II and wanted to withdraw as quickly as possible.
Economic Strain and Administrative Burden
Following the immense financial costs incurred during World War II, Britain found itself in a severely weakened economic state. Maintaining control and managing a vast territory like India, with its complex administrative needs and large military presence, became an unsustainable burden. The financial resources required to govern such a large country were simply no longer available to the British government.
The Urgency of Departure
Recognizing the economic realities and shifting global political landscape, Britain sought a swift exit from India. In 1946, the British government officially announced its intention to grant India full independence. This declaration signaled a clear intent to expedite the transfer of power.
The desire for a rapid withdrawal was a significant factor in the timeline of independence. The aim was to ensure an efficient and timely handover of authority, minimizing prolonged administrative responsibilities.
Key Figures and Final Timeline
The process of decolonization was overseen by key British officials. The last Viceroy of India, Lord Mountbatten, played a crucial role in setting the precise date for the transfer of power.
Here's a summary of the critical events and figures:
| Aspect | Detail |
|---|---|
| Independence Announced | 1946 |
| Last Viceroy of India | Lord Mountbatten, appointed to oversee the transfer of power. |
| Date of Independence | August 15, 1947, the date set by Lord Mountbatten for the end of British rule. |
This expedited timeline reflects Britain's urgent need to relieve itself of the economic and administrative responsibilities of governing India.
