Guru Rinpoche, widely known as Padmasambhava, is typically depicted holding significant ritual objects in his hands that symbolize various aspects of his enlightened activity and wisdom. He holds a vajra in his right hand and a skull-bowl containing a small vase in his left hand.
Iconographic Attributes in Detail
The items held by Guru Rinpoche are deeply symbolic within Tibetan Buddhism, representing his profound spiritual power and realization.
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Right Hand: The Vajra
The vajra (Sanskrit for "thunderbolt" and "diamond") is a powerful ritual object symbolizing indestructibility, enlightened activity, and skillful means. It represents the male principle and the firm, unshakeable nature of the ultimate reality. Its five prongs on each end often symbolize the Five Dhyani Buddhas, the five wisdoms, and the transformation of the five kleshas (afflictive emotions). -
Left Hand: The Skull-bowl with a Small Vase
In his left hand, Guru Rinpoche holds a skull-bowl (kapala) that contains a small vase. The skull-bowl itself is a powerful symbol of the emptiness of all phenomena and the wisdom that transcends duality. It also signifies the transformation of defilements into pure wisdom. The small vase within the skull-bowl often represents the nectar of immortality (amrita) or the blessings of long life and spiritual realization. This combination symbolizes wisdom, compassion, and the female principle.
Other Significant Attributes
Beyond what he holds in his hands, Guru Rinpoche's iconography includes other important elements that complete his traditional depiction:
- Khatvanga: A special trident-like staff known as a khatvanga leans on his left shoulder. This represents his consort, Yeshe Tsogyal, embodying the union of wisdom and compassion and his accomplishment as a mahasiddha (great accomplished one).
- Lotus Hat: He typically wears a distinctive Nepalese cloth hat, often referred to as a "lotus hat" or "Padma hat," which is shaped like a lotus flower. This symbolizes his miraculous birth from a lotus.
These attributes collectively convey Guru Rinpoche's enlightened qualities, his mastery over obstacles, and his profound wisdom and compassion, which he brought to Tibet.
