Securing a forklift on a trailer requires careful planning and the correct use of securement devices to ensure the safety of the load and other road users. The process involves proper positioning, selection of appropriate tie-downs, and diligent inspection.
How Do You Secure a Forklift on a Trailer?
To secure a forklift on a trailer, first, ensure both the trailer and forklift are in good condition, then precisely position the forklift, lower its forks, engage the parking brake, and finally, use a minimum of four high-quality tie-downs, such as heavy-duty ratchet straps or chains, to firmly anchor it to the trailer deck.
Preparation is Key
Before any securement begins, a thorough check of both the trailer and the forklift is essential to prevent accidents during transport.
Trailer and Forklift Inspection
- Trailer:
- Verify the trailer's structural integrity, ensuring there are no cracks, bends, or damage to the deck or tie-down points.
- Check tire pressure, brakes, lights, and ensure the hitch connection is secure.
- Clear the deck of any debris, oil, or loose items that could interfere with securement or create slip hazards.
- Forklift:
- Inspect the forklift for any leaks (hydraulic fluid, fuel, oil).
- Ensure the parking brake is fully functional.
- Check that the forks are in good condition and can be lowered completely.
- Remove any loose items from the forklift, such as tools or unsecured attachments.
Positioning the Forklift
Proper positioning is critical for weight distribution and stability.
- Center the Load: Carefully drive the forklift onto the trailer, aiming to center its weight over the trailer's axles. This helps maintain balance and prevents excessive tongue weight or tail-heavy conditions.
- Lower the Forks: Once in position, lower the forks completely until they rest flat on the trailer deck. This lowers the center of gravity and prevents the forks from bouncing or moving during transit.
- Engage Parking Brake: Fully engage the forklift's parking brake.
- Turn Off Engine and Remove Key: Turn off the engine and remove the key to prevent accidental starting or unauthorized operation.
Choosing Your Securement Method
Ratchet straps and chains are commonly used to secure a forklift to a trailer. The differences between these two options need to be understood for effective securement. The choice depends largely on the weight of the forklift and the specific tie-down points available.
| Feature | Ratchet Straps | Chains |
|---|---|---|
| Material | Solid polyester webbing | High-strength steel |
| Tensioning | Ratcheting mechanism for precise tensioning | Chain binders (lever or ratchet type) |
| Ideal For | Lighter forklifts, auxiliary securement, protecting finishes | Heavy-duty forklifts, primary securement |
| Pros | Gentle on equipment, easy to handle, precise tensioning | Extremely strong, durable, high working load limit |
| Cons | Susceptible to cuts/abrasions, UV degradation | Heavier, can damage finishes if not protected, requires more effort to tension |
| Protection Needs | Edge protectors for sharp points | Often requires padding to prevent scratching |
Using Ratchet Straps
Ratchet straps are highly effective for securement, especially when considering their adjustability. Ratchet straps of solid polyester webbing have a ratcheting mechanism for precise tensioning, allowing operators to achieve the exact required tension without overtightening or leaving slack.
- Working Load Limit (WLL): Always ensure the WLL of your straps is appropriate for the weight of the forklift. Use multiple straps if necessary to meet or exceed the total WLL required.
- Protection: Place edge protectors or sleeves around the straps where they might come into contact with sharp edges on the forklift or trailer to prevent fraying or cutting.
- Attachment: Attach the strap hooks to designated tie-down points on the forklift frame and anchor points on the trailer. Avoid attaching to non-structural components like hydraulic lines or hoses.
Using Chains
Chains offer superior strength and durability for heavier forklifts.
- Grade and WLL: Use chains that are rated for heavy-duty securement (e.g., Grade 70 transport chain). Always match the chain's WLL with the weight of your equipment.
- Binders: Use appropriate chain binders (lever-type or ratchet-type) to apply tension. Ratchet binders offer more control and are generally safer to use as they don't store as much energy as lever binders.
- Attachment: Secure chains to structural points on the forklift frame, specifically designed for tie-downs. Route chains in a way that provides maximum tension and stability without interfering with moving parts.
Step-by-Step Securement Process
Adhering to a systematic approach ensures comprehensive securement.
- Identify Tie-Down Points: Locate the strong, designated tie-down points on the forklift chassis (often visible loops or reinforced areas) and on the trailer bed.
- Apply Primary Securement (4-Point Minimum):
- Use at least four tie-downs (chains or heavy-duty ratchet straps) to secure the forklift.
- Attach one tie-down to each corner of the forklift, running it from the forklift frame to an anchor point on the trailer.
- Ideally, cross the front tie-downs to opposite rear anchor points on the trailer, and the rear tie-downs to opposite front anchor points (an "X" pattern). This provides lateral and longitudinal stability.
- Tension Securely:
- Carefully tension each tie-down using the ratchet mechanism on straps or the binder on chains.
- Apply tension evenly across all tie-downs to distribute the load and prevent uneven stress. Do not overtighten to the point of damaging the forklift or trailer.
- Add Additional Securement (If Needed): For heavier forklifts or longer hauls, consider adding extra tie-downs or wheel chocks for added security.
Final Checks and Safety Tips
- Walk-Around Inspection: After all tie-downs are in place and tensioned, walk around the trailer and forklift. Visually inspect all connections, straps, and chains to ensure they are secure, free from twists, and not rubbing against anything that could cause damage.
- Check First: After driving a short distance (e.g., 10-15 miles), pull over safely and re-check the tension of all tie-downs. Straps and chains can loosen during initial movement as the load settles.
- Regular Checks: Periodically check the securement during long trips, especially after rough road conditions or sudden stops.
- Legal Compliance: Always adhere to federal, state, and local Department of Transportation (DOT) regulations regarding cargo securement. For example, FMCSA cargo securement rules provide detailed guidelines.
- Safety Gear: Always wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), such as gloves and safety glasses, during the securement process.
- Manufacturer Guidelines: Consult the forklift and trailer manufacturer's manuals for specific tie-down instructions and recommendations.
Properly securing a forklift is a critical safety measure that prevents shifting, reduces the risk of accidents, and ensures compliance with transportation regulations.
