The Paladins were the legendary twelve peer warriors of Charlemagne's court in medieval literature, particularly famous from the epic poem The Song of Roland. While the exact composition of the group can vary slightly across different texts and traditions, the core figures remain consistent.
Who Were the 12 Paladins?
The 12 Paladins (also known as the Twelve Peers) were the foremost champions of Emperor Charlemagne, celebrated for their unparalleled bravery, strength, and unwavering loyalty in defending Christendom against its enemies, primarily the Saracens. They embody the ideals of chivalry and heroism from the Matter of France.
The Twelve Paladins from The Song of Roland
Based on The Song of Roland, one of the most significant works detailing Charlemagne's legendary court, the twelve paladins include the following key figures and other distinguished peers:
- Roland – Charlemagne's nephew, the chief hero among the paladins, and a paragon of martial prowess and Christian faith. He wielded the sword Durendal and the oliphant horn.
- Oliver – Roland's closest friend and strongest ally, known for his wisdom and strategic thinking, often serving as a foil to Roland's more impulsive nature.
- Gérin – A courageous paladin who, alongside Gérier, met his end in battle against the Saracen Grandonie.
- Gérier – Another valiant paladin, killed in the same laisse as Gérin by Grandonie.
- Bérengier – A noble knight counted among Charlemagne's elite warriors.
- Otton – One of the trusted peers who fought alongside his emperor.
- Samson – A strong and dependable paladin in Charlemagne's service.
- Engelier – A dedicated knight among the twelve.
- Ivon – A loyal member of the elite group of warriors.
- Ivoire – Another prominent paladin, committed to the cause.
- Anséis – A brave and steadfast knight.
- Archbishop Turpin – A warrior-cleric who fights valiantly alongside the knights, inspiring them with both spiritual guidance and martial skill.
These knights formed the backbone of Charlemagne's military might and played crucial roles in the legendary battles depicted in the chansons de geste.
The Legendary Peers of Charlemagne
While the names above represent a common interpretation from The Song of Roland, it's important to note that the term "paladin" evolved over time, and lists could vary in other medieval romances. However, Roland and Oliver consistently appear as the most prominent figures. Their exploits are central to the narratives of courage, sacrifice, and the clash of civilizations that define the Carolingian legends.
Here is a summarized list of the twelve paladins as commonly understood through The Song of Roland:
| Paladin Name | Key Role / Description |
|---|---|
| Roland | Chief hero, Charlemagne's nephew, embodiment of chivalry. |
| Oliver | Roland's best friend, known for wisdom and strategic counsel. |
| Gérin | A brave knight, killed in battle. |
| Gérier | A valiant peer, often mentioned alongside Gérin. |
| Bérengier | A trusted member of the twelve. |
| Otton | A loyal warrior of Charlemagne. |
| Samson | A strong and steadfast paladin. |
| Engelier | One of the dedicated knights. |
| Ivon | A loyal and courageous member of the group. |
| Ivoire | A prominent and dependable peer. |
| Anséis | A brave and steadfast knight. |
| Archbishop Turpin | Warrior-cleric, fought alongside the knights with great valor. |
The Legacy of the Paladins
The Paladins left an indelible mark on European literature and culture, symbolizing ideal knighthood and the struggle for justice and faith. Their stories, transmitted through oral tradition and written epic poems, influenced later chivalric romances and the very concept of heroism. Learn more about their historical context and literary significance at Wikipedia: Paladin and Britannica: Song of Roland.
