The element number 78 is Platinum.
Platinum (Pt) is a renowned chemical element distinguished by its atomic number 78. As a member of the platinum group metals and classified as a transition metal, it exhibits remarkable properties that make it invaluable across various industries. At standard room temperature, Platinum exists as a solid, known for its distinctive silvery-white luster.
Key Characteristics of Platinum
Platinum stands out due to a combination of unique physical and chemical attributes. Its high density, excellent resistance to corrosion, and impressive catalytic properties are among its most notable features.
| Property | Description |
|---|---|
| Atomic Number (Z) | 78 |
| Symbol | Pt |
| Classification | Transition Metal, Platinum Group Metal (PGM) |
| State at Room Temp. | Solid |
| Appearance | Silvery-white, lustrous |
| Melting Point | 1768.3 °C (3214.9 °F) |
| Boiling Point | 3825 °C (6917 °F) |
| Density | Very high (21.45 g/cm³) |
| Corrosion Resistance | Extremely high, resists attack by acids and most chemicals |
| Ductility & Malleability | Highly ductile and malleable |
Versatile Applications of Platinum
Due to its unique properties, platinum finds extensive use in a wide range of applications, from high-tech industrial processes to everyday consumer products.
- Jewelry: Platinum's natural white luster, durability, and hypoallergenic properties make it a premium choice for fine jewelry, including engagement rings and watches.
- Automotive Industry: A primary use of platinum is in catalytic converters for vehicles. It helps reduce harmful emissions by converting toxic gases into less harmful substances.
- Chemical Industry: Platinum acts as a crucial catalyst in various chemical reactions, such as the production of nitric acid, silicones, and high-octane gasoline.
- Medical and Dental Fields: Its biocompatibility and resistance to corrosion make it suitable for medical implants, pacemakers, and dental fillings.
- Laboratory Equipment: Platinum's high melting point and inertness make it ideal for laboratory crucibles, electrodes, and other specialized equipment.
- Electrical Contacts and Electronics: Due to its excellent conductivity and resistance to tarnish, it's used in electrical contacts, resistance thermometers, and high-performance electronics.
- Investment: As a precious metal, platinum is also traded as a commodity and held as an investment in the form of bars and coins.
Platinum's scarcity and exceptional characteristics contribute to its status as one of the most valuable and sought-after elements on Earth. For further details on elements and their properties, resources like the Royal Society of Chemistry's periodic table are excellent references.
