BPA, or bisphenol A, is an industrial chemical that has been used to make certain plastics and resins since the 1950s. It's a compound found in many everyday products, from food containers to water bottles, and has become a subject of considerable public health debate due to its potential effects on human health.
What is Bisphenol A (BPA)?
BPA is a chemical compound primarily used in two main types of materials:
- Polycarbonate Plastics: These rigid, clear plastics are commonly used for a variety of products, including reusable water bottles, food storage containers, plastic tableware, and even some baby bottles (though their use in baby bottles has been banned in several countries due to health concerns).
- Epoxy Resins: These resins are used to coat the inside of metal products like food cans, bottle caps, and water supply lines to prevent corrosion and contamination of food or water by the metal.
The chemical's long history dates back to the mid-20th century, becoming widespread due to its durability and versatility in manufacturing.
Why is BPA a Concern?
The primary concern surrounding BPA stems from its classification as an endocrine disruptor. This means it can mimic the body's hormones, particularly estrogen, and potentially interfere with the endocrine system. Even low-level exposure has raised questions among researchers and health organizations.
Research into BPA's effects is ongoing, with some studies suggesting potential links to various health issues. While regulatory bodies like the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) state that BPA is safe at the very low levels people are typically exposed to, other studies and health groups express concern over:
- Brain and Behavior: Potential effects on brain development and behavior, especially in fetuses, infants, and young children.
- Prostate Gland: Possible impacts on the prostate gland in fetuses, infants, and children.
- Cardiovascular Health: Some research indicates a potential link to increased blood pressure and heart disease.
- Metabolic Disorders: Associations with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes and obesity have also been explored.
How Are People Exposed to BPA?
The main way people are exposed to BPA is through their diet. When food or beverages are stored in containers made with BPA, the chemical can leach into the contents. This leaching can increase when:
- Containers are heated (e.g., microwaving plastic food containers).
- Containers are washed with harsh detergents.
- Containers are scratched or worn.
Other less common sources of exposure include thermal paper receipts (used in many cash registers and ATMs) and some dental sealants.
Reducing Your BPA Exposure
While completely avoiding BPA might be challenging, there are several practical steps you can take to minimize your exposure:
- Choose "BPA-Free" Products: Many plastic products, especially water bottles and food containers, are now labeled as "BPA-free." Look for these labels when purchasing.
- Opt for Alternatives:
- Glass, Porcelain, or Stainless Steel: Use containers made from these materials for food and liquids, especially when heating.
- Fresh or Frozen Foods: Reduce your reliance on canned foods, as can linings often contain BPA. Choose fresh or frozen fruits and vegetables instead.
- Avoid Heating Plastics: Do not microwave polycarbonate plastic food containers. High temperatures can cause BPA to leach into food more rapidly.
- Skip the Dishwasher for Plastics: Wash plastic containers by hand with mild detergent rather than in a dishwasher, which uses high heat and strong detergents.
- Say No to Receipts (When Possible): BPA is often used in thermal paper. Opt for email receipts or decline paper receipts when possible.
- Check Infant Products: Many manufacturers have voluntarily stopped using BPA in baby bottles and sippy cups, but it's always wise to confirm.
A Snapshot: BPA-Containing Products and Alternatives
| Product Category | Common BPA Use | BPA-Free Alternative |
|---|---|---|
| Beverage Containers | Reusable polycarbonate water bottles, some baby bottles | Stainless steel bottles, glass bottles, BPA-free plastics |
| Food Storage | Certain plastic food containers | Glass containers, silicone bags, BPA-free plastics |
| Canned Goods | Epoxy resin lining in most metal food and drink cans | Fresh foods, frozen foods, foods in glass jars, tetra-pak packaging |
| Kitchenware | Plastic plates, cups, cutlery | Ceramic, glass, stainless steel tableware |
By making informed choices about the products you use, you can effectively reduce your exposure to BPA.
