The risk phrase R38 signifies that a substance or preparation is irritating to skin.
Risk phrases, often denoted by the letter 'R' followed by a number, were part of a comprehensive system for hazard communication used primarily in the European Union under the Dangerous Substances Directive and the Dangerous Preparations Directive. These phrases provided standardized information about the specific risks associated with hazardous chemicals. While this system has largely been superseded by the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) and the EU's Classification, Labelling and Packaging (CLP) Regulation, understanding R-phrases remains important for older chemical labels and safety data sheets (SDS).
Understanding R38: Irritating to Skin
R38 specifically indicates that contact with the substance or preparation may cause an inflammatory reaction on the skin. This typically manifests as:
- Redness
- Itching
- Swelling
- Inflammation
These effects are generally localized and, while uncomfortable, do not usually lead to severe tissue damage or corrosion, which would be indicated by different, more severe risk phrases.
Why R-Phrases Were Important
R-phrases played a vital role in:
- Standardizing Information: Ensuring consistent hazard communication across different countries and industries.
- Protecting Users: Alerting workers and consumers to potential dangers, enabling them to take appropriate safety measures.
- Facilitating Trade: Providing clear, recognized hazard information for chemicals moving across borders within the EU.
These phrases were often used in conjunction with S-phrases (Safety phrases), which provided advice on safe handling, storage, and emergency procedures.
The Transition to GHS/CLP
The GHS, an internationally agreed-upon system, aims to provide a single, globally harmonized approach to classifying chemicals and communicating hazard information through labels and safety data sheets. In the EU, GHS was implemented through the CLP Regulation.
The hazard indicated by R38 (irritating to skin) is now typically communicated through:
- Hazard Statements (H-phrases): For instance, H315 "Causes skin irritation."
- Pictograms: Often the exclamation mark pictogram, indicating less severe health hazards.
- Precautionary Statements (P-phrases): Such as P280 "Wear protective gloves," providing advice on prevention.
You can find more detailed information on the transition from the older directives to the CLP Regulation and the GHS system at the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) website. For an overview, visit ECHA's CLP Understanding section.
Examples of Risk Phrases
Here is a table illustrating R38 alongside other common risk phrases, showcasing the range of hazards they covered:
| Risk Phrase | Description | Category |
|---|---|---|
| R38 | Irritating to skin. | Health Hazard |
| R39 | Danger of very serious irreversible effects. | Health Hazard |
| R39/23 | Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation. | Health Hazard |
| R10 | Flammable. | Physical Hazard |
| R50/53 | Very toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. | Environmental Hazard |
Practical Safety Measures for R38
When dealing with a substance labeled with R38:
- Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Always wear appropriate protective gloves (e.g., made of nitrile, neoprene, or PVC, depending on the chemical) to prevent direct skin contact.
- Hygiene: Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water after handling the substance, even if gloves were worn.
- First Aid: In case of skin contact, immediately wash the affected area with plenty of soap and water. If irritation persists or worsens, seek medical attention.
- Ventilation: Work in a well-ventilated area to minimize exposure to any vapors or mists that might also irritate the skin.
Always refer to the full Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for any chemical to gain a complete understanding of its hazards, safe handling procedures, storage requirements, and emergency response information.
