Compost ingredients high in nitrogen, often referred to as "greens," are essential for providing the microbial activity needed to break down organic matter efficiently. These materials are typically fresh, moist, and break down quickly.
Key Nitrogen-Rich Materials for Composting
To create a balanced and effective compost pile, it's crucial to include a good proportion of nitrogen-rich ingredients alongside carbon-rich materials ("browns"). These nitrogen sources fuel the microorganisms responsible for decomposition, generating heat and accelerating the composting process.
Here are common compost ingredients that are high in nitrogen:
- Fruit and Vegetable Scraps: These include peels, cores, seeds, and leftover portions from meal preparation. They are excellent sources of moisture and readily available nitrogen.
- Grass Clippings: Freshly cut grass is a potent nitrogen source. It's best to add thin layers to avoid matting and ensure proper aeration, or allow them to dry slightly first.
- Coffee Grounds and Paper Filters: Both the coffee grounds themselves and the accompanying paper filters are rich in nitrogen, along with other beneficial nutrients for the compost.
Why Nitrogen is Important in Composting
Nitrogen is a vital nutrient for the microorganisms that perform the composting process. These microbes use nitrogen to build their proteins and reproduce, effectively breaking down the organic materials. Without sufficient nitrogen, decomposition slows significantly, and the compost pile may not heat up adequately.
A well-balanced compost pile generally aims for a carbon-to-nitrogen (C:N) ratio of roughly 25-30 parts carbon to 1 part nitrogen. High-nitrogen materials (greens) balance out high-carbon materials (browns) like dry leaves, wood chips, and shredded paper, ensuring an optimal environment for decomposition.
For more detailed information on composting at home, including a comprehensive list of what to add to your compost pile, you can refer to resources like the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
