The largest diamond ever found is the magnificent Cullinan Diamond.
Discovered in 1905 near Pretoria in modern-day South Africa, this monumental gemstone weighed an astounding 3,106.75 carats (approximately 621.35 grams) in its rough state. It was named after Thomas Cullinan, the chairman of the mining company where it was found.
Discovery and Origin
The Cullinan Diamond's discovery at the Premier No. 2 mine in Cullinan, South Africa, marked a significant moment in gemological history. Its immense size and exceptional quality immediately set it apart, making headlines around the globe. The diamond was eventually presented to King Edward VII of the United Kingdom as a gift.
The Cutting Process
Due to its unparalleled size, the Cullinan Diamond was deemed too large to be worn in its original form. It was entrusted to the Asscher family of Amsterdam, renowned diamond cutters, for cleaving and polishing. The intricate process, which required months of planning and precision, resulted in nine major polished diamonds, 96 smaller brilliants, and several unpolished fragments.
The Cullinan Diamonds in the Crown Jewels
Among the nine principal stones, the two largest, Cullinan I and Cullinan II, are particularly famous and hold prominent places within the British Crown Jewels. These spectacular gems exemplify the unparalleled beauty and historical significance of the original rough diamond.
Here's a breakdown of the two largest cut diamonds from the Cullinan:
| Diamond Name | Carat Weight (approx.) | Current Location / Use |
|---|---|---|
| Cullinan I | 530.2 carats | Mounted in the Sovereign's Sceptre with Cross |
| (The Great Star of Africa) | ||
| Cullinan II | 317.4 carats | Set in the front of the Imperial State Crown |
| (The Lesser Star of Africa) |
The Cullinan I, also known as the Great Star of Africa, is the largest cut and polished white diamond in the world. It is a pear-shaped diamond that graces the head of the Sovereign's Sceptre with Cross, an integral part of the British Crown Jewels.
The Cullinan II, or the Lesser Star of Africa, is a cushion-cut diamond positioned at the front of the Imperial State Crown, worn by the monarch during significant state occasions.
The other seven major Cullinan diamonds (Cullinan III through IX) are also incorporated into various pieces of royal jewelry, including brooches and necklaces, further cementing the legacy of this extraordinary discovery.
Legacy and Significance
The Cullinan Diamond remains a symbol of unparalleled natural beauty and the pinnacle of diamond discovery. Its transformation from a massive rough stone into some of the most famous and historically significant polished diamonds highlights both the marvels of geology and the artistry of human craftsmanship. The fact that its largest pieces are incorporated into the Crown Jewels underscores its enduring value and historical importance, continuing to captivate audiences worldwide.
For more information, you can explore resources from the Royal Collection Trust and other reputable gemological institutions.
