The Axel jump is one of the most iconic and challenging jumps in figure skating, notable as the only jump taken off from a forward outside edge. Mastering this 1.5-revolution jump is a significant milestone for any skater, requiring a precise blend of technique, power, and air sense.
The Anatomy of an Axel Jump
Performing an Axel involves a seamless sequence of entry, take-off, rotation, and landing. Each phase is critical for executing a successful and clean jump.
1. Entry and Preparation
The approach to the Axel is just as important as the jump itself. It sets up the skater for the correct take-off.
- Steady Edge: Begin on a nice steady forward outside edge (often on the left foot for counter-clockwise rotators). This means the skate blade is tilting slightly to the outside, creating a clean curve on the ice.
- Arm and Hip Alignment: Keep your arms and hips square to the circle you are skating. This alignment helps control your balance and prepare for the rotation.
- Knees Position: Your knees should be back initially, allowing for a deep bend and powerful spring into the jump.
- Glide and Check: Glide smoothly on the entry edge, keeping your free leg (right leg for counter-clockwise) extended back, ready to swing forward.
2. Take-off
The take-off is a dynamic transfer of momentum, propelling the skater into the air.
- Forward Swing: As you approach the take-off point, swing your free leg (right leg) forward aggressively from back to front, passing your skating leg.
- Powerful Push: Simultaneously, push off the ice with the forward outside edge of your skating foot (left foot). The reference highlights that we are jumping outside our circle, which emphasizes the forward and upward trajectory rather than simply rotating in place.
- Arm Integration: Your arms come back during the preparation and then swing forward and up forcefully with the free leg and push, initiating the rotation and helping gain height. This coordinated arm movement is crucial for generating power.
- Visualization: It can be helpful to do a few walkthroughs to visualize all of these steps before attempting the jump on ice.
3. Rotation
Once airborne, the goal is to achieve the 1.5 revolutions quickly and efficiently.
- Tight Huddle: Immediately after leaving the ice, bring your arms and free leg in tightly to your body, forming a compact "huddle" position. This minimizes your moment of inertia, allowing for faster rotation.
- Head and Shoulders: Keep your head up and look over your shoulder in the direction of rotation. Your shoulders should remain level.
- Spotting: While in the air, some skaters practice "spotting" — quickly turning their head to spot a fixed point, which can help maintain balance and orientation.
4. Landing
The landing is the final, often most challenging, phase, requiring balance and control.
- Unwinding: Begin to unwind from your rotation by extending your landing leg (right leg for counter-clockwise) and arms.
- Back Outside Edge: Land cleanly on the back outside edge of your landing foot (right foot for counter-clockwise rotators), absorbing the impact with a deep knee bend.
- Control: Keep your free leg (left leg) extended behind you for counterbalance, and hold the landing for at least three seconds before gliding out of the jump.
Key Fundamentals for Success
Mastering the Axel involves a strong foundation in several fundamental skating skills:
- Edges: Strong inside and outside edges are non-negotiable. Practice deep edges, curves, and edge changes.
- Turns: Proficiency in three-turns, particularly the forward outside three-turn, is essential as it mimics the take-off mechanics.
- Basic Jumps: Develop solid single salchows and toe loops before attempting the Axel. These jumps build air awareness and landing skills.
- Off-Ice Training: Incorporate core strength, flexibility, and plyometric exercises to improve power and control.
Common Axel Challenges and Solutions
| Challenge | Description | Solution |
|---|---|---|
| Lack of Height | Not getting enough elevation to complete rotations. | Focus on a deeper knee bend at take-off and a powerful upward push. |
| Under-rotation | Not completing the full 1.5 revolutions. | Tighten the huddle immediately; ensure a strong, coordinated arm swing. |
| Falling on Landing | Difficulty maintaining balance upon impact. | Practice strong back outside edge glides; focus on a deep knee bend. |
| Incorrect Edge Take-off | Taking off from an inside edge or flat blade. | Drill forward outside three-turns and waltz jumps to establish correct edge. |
| Hesitation | Fear or uncertainty at the take-off point. | Break down the jump into smaller components; visualize success. |
Training Drills and Visualization
- Waltz Jump: This half-revolution jump is the direct predecessor to the Axel and helps build the forward take-off and back outside landing.
- Axel Walk-Throughs: As mentioned, practicing the movements on the ice without jumping can help solidify the muscle memory and visualization.
- Circle Stroking: Focus on maintaining a deep, steady forward outside edge around a circle to improve entry quality.
- Off-Ice Jumps: Practice the arm and leg coordination of the Axel on the ground to build muscle memory.
- Mental Rehearsal: Visualize each step of a perfect Axel jump, focusing on the feeling of the edge, the power of the take-off, and the smoothness of the landing.
Safety First
Learning the Axel can be challenging and carries a risk of injury. It is highly recommended to learn this jump under the guidance of a qualified figure skating coach. A coach can provide personalized feedback, correct technique, and ensure a safe progression through the learning process.
Conclusion
The Axel jump is a testament to a skater's dedication and skill. By focusing on a steady entry edge, a powerful and coordinated take-off, a tight rotation, and a controlled landing, skaters can achieve this exhilarating jump. Consistent practice, patience, and professional coaching are key to unlocking the Axel.
