The backflip on ice is strictly prohibited in competitive figure skating because the International Skating Union (ISU), the global governing body for the sport, banned it due to significant safety concerns and its fundamental violation of a core principle: landing on a single skate.
The Ban by the International Skating Union (ISU)
The International Skating Union (ISU), which oversees figure skating and sets its rules, formally banned the backflip in 1977. This decision was a direct response to the inherent risks associated with the maneuver and its divergence from established figure skating techniques. While technically impressive and often thrilling to watch, the move was deemed too hazardous for competitive inclusion.
Primary Reasons for the Prohibition
The ISU's decision to ban the backflip was rooted in two primary concerns:
Safety Concerns
Performing a backflip on ice carries a high degree of risk. Skaters can suffer severe injuries, including head trauma, spinal injuries, or broken bones, if they land incorrectly or lose control during the aerial phase. The unpredictable nature of landing backward on a thin blade, often at high speed, makes it inherently dangerous, and the ISU prioritized athlete safety by removing it from sanctioned competitions.
Violation of Landing Principles
A fundamental principle in figure skating, particularly for jumps, is the requirement to land on one skate. The backflip, by its very nature, necessitates landing on two feet or even the back of the blade, which directly contravenes this foundational rule of competitive figure skating. This violation was a significant factor in its prohibition, as it did not align with the sport's technical standards and scoring criteria for jumps.
Where Backflips Still Take Place
Despite its ban in competitive figure skating, the backflip continues to be a captivating element in various non-competitive ice events. Skaters often perform backflips in:
- Ice Shows: These theatrical performances prioritize entertainment and artistic expression over strict competitive rules.
- Exhibitions: Special showcase events where skaters can perform moves not allowed in competition.
- Demonstrations: Educational or promotional events where the full range of skating abilities can be displayed.
These venues allow skaters to showcase their extraordinary athleticism and entertain audiences without the rigid constraints and safety regulations of sanctioned competitions.
Here's a comparison of backflips in different skating contexts:
| Aspect | Competitive Figure Skating (ISU Regulated) | Non-Competitive Shows (e.g., Ice Shows) |
|---|---|---|
| Legality | Illegal/Banned | Permitted |
| Governing Body Oversight | Strict ISU rules and scoring | Flexible, focus on entertainment |
| Primary Goal | Technical precision, athletic competition | Artistic expression, audience engagement |
| Landing Requirement | Must land on one skate | Not strictly enforced |
| Safety Protocol | Prioritized through strict rules | Performed by highly skilled skaters |
For more general information on the sport, you can refer to the Figure Skating Wikipedia page.
