The duration for which a flag is flown at half-mast (or half-staff) when someone dies varies significantly depending on the individual's position and the circumstances surrounding their passing. There isn't a single, fixed period for every death; instead, specific protocols and proclamations dictate the appropriate length of mourning, particularly for national figures.
Understanding Half-Staff vs. Half-Mast
While often used interchangeably, the term "half-staff" is generally preferred when referring to flags flown on land-based flagpoles, while "half-mast" technically refers to flags displayed on a ship. Flying the flag at half-staff is a solemn tradition, signifying national or communal mourning and respect for the deceased.
Key Durations for National Figures
For specific high-ranking officials in the United States, the period of mourning and half-staff display is precisely defined by established protocols:
| Deceased Individual | Duration at Half-Staff |
|---|---|
| President or Former President | 30 days |
| Vice President | 10 days |
| Current or Retired Chief Justice of the Supreme Court | 10 days |
| Speaker of the House of Representatives | 10 days |
These durations are national directives, typically proclaimed by the President of the United States to ensure consistent observance across federal buildings and grounds.
Other Scenarios for Half-Staff
Beyond the deaths of these specific individuals, the American flag may also be flown at half-staff on certain designated days of remembrance or by gubernatorial proclamation for state-level mourning. Some examples of set days include:
- Peace Officers Memorial Day: May 15th (from sunrise to sunset)
- Memorial Day: The last Monday in May (from sunrise until noon)
- Patriot Day: September 11th (from sunrise to sunset)
- Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day: December 7th (from sunrise to sunset)
Additionally, for the death of a prominent state figure, such as a governor, a state legislator, or a high-ranking state official, the governor of that state may issue a proclamation for flags to be flown at half-staff on state buildings and grounds within their jurisdiction. Local municipalities may also issue similar directives for local figures.
Proper Half-Staff Protocol
When raising the flag to half-staff, it should always be briefly raised to the peak of the flagpole first, and then slowly lowered to the half-staff position. Similarly, when lowering the flag at the end of the day or the mourning period, it should first be briefly raised to the peak before being fully lowered and folded respectfully.
- Position: The "half-staff" position means the flag is flown approximately one flag-width below the top of the pole, allowing room for a symbolic flag at the top.
- Proclamation: Observance of half-staffing for individuals is typically initiated by a Presidential Proclamation or, at the state level, by a gubernatorial directive.
- Respect: Always ensure the flag is treated with the utmost dignity and respect, adhering to all established flag etiquette guidelines.
For comprehensive information on flag display and etiquette, you can refer to resources such as the U.S. Flag Code as observed by organizations like The American Legion.
