To get seeds from carnations, you must wait for the flowers to fade and then allow the seed pods to fully mature and dry on the plant before carefully harvesting them.
Understanding Carnation Seed Production
Carnations (Dianthus caryophyllus) produce seeds after successful pollination. While modern hybrid varieties may not always produce viable seeds or seeds that grow true to the parent plant, older or open-pollinated varieties are generally more reliable for seed collection. The process involves patience, as you need to allow the plant to complete its natural reproductive cycle.
From Flower to Seed Pod
After a carnation flower blooms and fades, if it has been pollinated (either by insects or manually), the spent bloom will begin to form a seed pod. This pod develops at the base of the flower where the petals were attached. Initially, it will be green and relatively inconspicuous. Over several weeks, as the seeds inside mature, the pod will swell and eventually dry out.
Step-by-Step Guide to Harvesting Carnation Seeds
Collecting carnation seeds is a rewarding process that allows you to propagate your favorite varieties. Follow these steps for successful seed collection:
1. Identifying Mature Seed Pods
The most crucial step is knowing when the seed pods are ready.
- Look for Browning and Drying: Mature seed pods will turn brown, become dry, and often feel brittle to the touch. They might also appear slightly swollen.
- Sound Test: Gently shake a dry seed pod. If you hear a slight rattling sound, it's a good indication that the seeds inside are loose and ready for harvest.
- Timing: This typically occurs several weeks to a month after the flower has faded. It's essential to let the pods dry on the plant as much as possible, as this ensures the seeds are fully mature.
2. Harvesting the Seed Heads
Once the seed pods are thoroughly dry and brown, it's time to collect them. You have a couple of options for harvesting:
- Plucking: You can gently pluck the individual seed heads directly off the plant by hand.
- Cutting: Alternatively, for a more controlled approach, you can carefully cut the seed head from the plant's stem using a pair of clean scissors or pruners.
During either method, it is crucial to exercise care to avoid disturbing or losing the delicate seeds within the pod. Handling them gently ensures the seeds remain intact until you're ready to extract them.
3. Extracting the Seeds
After harvesting the dry seed heads:
- Open the Pods: Gently break open or crush the dry seed pods over a clean tray, plate, or piece of paper. You might need to use your fingers or a small tool to pry them open.
- Identify Seeds: Carnation seeds are typically small, dark, and often crescent-shaped or slightly irregular.
- Separate Chaff: The broken pieces of the pod are called chaff. Carefully separate the seeds from this debris.
4. Cleaning and Drying
Even if the pods were dry when harvested, a little extra drying time for the extracted seeds is beneficial:
- Air Dry: Spread the seeds out in a single layer on a paper towel or a non-porous surface in a warm, dry area away from direct sunlight for a few days. Ensure good air circulation.
- Remove Debris: Further clean the seeds by gently blowing away any remaining light chaff or using a small sieve.
5. Storing Carnation Seeds
Proper storage is key to maintaining seed viability for future planting.
- Labeling: Label a small paper envelope or airtight container with the seed type (Carnation), variety (if known), and the date of collection.
- Container: Store seeds in paper envelopes, small plastic bags, or glass jars. Adding a desiccant packet (like silica gel) can help absorb moisture if using airtight containers.
- Conditions: Store in a cool, dark, and dry place. A refrigerator is often ideal for long-term storage, as consistent low temperatures and humidity help preserve viability.
| Storage Condition | Recommendation | Impact on Viability |
|---|---|---|
| Temperature | Cool (4-10°C) | Slows metabolic rate |
| Light | Dark | Prevents premature germination |
| Humidity | Low | Prevents mold and rot |
| Container | Airtight | Protects from moisture/pests |
Tips for Successful Carnation Seed Collection
- Patience is Key: Do not rush the drying process on the plant. Fully mature seeds have the highest germination rates.
- Open-Pollinated Varieties: If possible, collect seeds from open-pollinated or heirloom carnation varieties, as hybrid seeds may not grow true to type or may be sterile.
- Protect from Rain: If rain is expected during the drying phase, consider covering the plants or bringing pots under shelter to prevent the pods from getting wet and potentially molding.
- Label Everything: It's easy to forget what you collected when, especially if you're collecting multiple types of seeds.
By following these steps, you can successfully collect carnation seeds and enjoy growing new plants from your existing beauties.
