Using a gas water heater involves understanding its basic operation, setting the desired temperature, performing routine maintenance, and knowing how to safely light its pilot light if it goes out. A properly operated and maintained gas water heater provides a reliable and efficient supply of hot water for your home.
Understanding Your Gas Water Heater
A gas water heater heats water stored in a tank using a gas burner located at the bottom. The heat from the burner rises through a flue pipe, transferring warmth to the surrounding water. A thermostat regulates the water temperature, turning the burner on and off as needed.
Key Components
To operate your gas water heater effectively, it's helpful to know its main parts:
- Gas Valve/Control Unit: This unit houses the thermostat and controls the gas flow to the burner and pilot light. It typically has settings for temperature, "Off," and "Pilot."
- Pilot Light: A small, continuous flame that ignites the main burner when hot water is needed.
- Burner: The main component that generates heat to warm the water.
- Temperature and Pressure Relief (T&P) Valve: A crucial safety device that opens to release water if the temperature or pressure inside the tank becomes too high.
- Drain Valve: Located near the bottom of the tank, used for draining and flushing the tank.
Setting the Optimal Water Temperature
The gas control valve usually has a dial for adjusting the water temperature.
- Recommended Setting: For safety and energy efficiency, the U.S. Department of Energy recommends setting your water heater to 120°F (49°C). This temperature is hot enough for most household needs, helps prevent scalding, and reduces energy consumption.
- Energy Savings: Lowering the temperature by even 10°F can result in significant energy savings.
- Safety: Temperatures above 120°F increase the risk of scalding, especially for children and the elderly.
Temperature Guide
| Setting | Approximate Temperature | Considerations |
|---|---|---|
| Warm/Low | 90-110°F | Energy efficient, but may not be sufficient for sanitizing. |
| Normal/Hot | 120°F (Recommended) | Balanced for safety, efficiency, and household needs. |
| Very Hot | 130-140°F | Higher risk of scalding, increased energy use. May be needed for dishwashers without internal heaters. |
Routine Maintenance for Longevity
Regular maintenance ensures your gas water heater runs efficiently and lasts longer.
- Annual Flushing: Drain about a quarter of the tank's volume annually to remove sediment buildup, which can reduce efficiency and cause premature failure.
- Anode Rod Inspection: The anode rod prevents tank corrosion. Have it inspected every 3-5 years and replaced as needed.
- T&P Valve Test: Carefully test the T&P valve once a year to ensure it's not seized. Consult your owner's manual for proper procedure or a professional plumber, as improper testing can cause leaks.
- Visual Inspection: Periodically check for leaks around the tank and connections.
How to Light the Pilot Light on a Gas Water Heater
The pilot light is essential for your gas water heater to function. If your hot water runs cold, or if you notice the burner isn't igniting, the pilot light may have gone out. Relighting it is a straightforward process, but it's crucial to follow safety guidelines.
Before you begin:
- Locate your water heater's gas control valve.
- Have a flashlight handy.
- If you smell gas, do not attempt to light the pilot. Turn off the gas supply immediately, open windows, and leave the area. Contact your gas company or a qualified professional.
Here are the steps to safely relight the pilot light:
1. Turn Off the Gas and Locate the Pilot Light Access
First, turn the knob on your water heater's gas control valve to the "Off" position. Wait approximately 5 minutes to allow any residual gas to dissipate. During this time, open the small access door or cover at the bottom of the water heater, typically below the main gas control valve. This will expose the burner assembly and pilot light.
2. Find the Burner Inside
Using a flashlight, look inside the access opening. You should see the main burner assembly. The pilot light is a small tube or nozzle, usually located near the main burner. It's often accompanied by an igniter button or a small port where you can insert a long lighter.
3. Turn the Gas Knob To “Pilot”
On the gas control valve, turn the knob from "Off" to the "Pilot" setting. This position allows gas to flow only to the pilot light, not the main burner.
4. Light the Pilot Light
This step requires a steady hand:
- Depress and Hold: Firmly press and hold the "Pilot" button or knob on the gas control valve. This action allows gas to flow to the pilot.
- Ignite: While still holding the pilot button, either press the red or black spark igniter button (if your unit has one) or, if there's no igniter, use a long lighter or match to ignite the pilot flame at the end of the pilot tube.
- Observe: You should see a small, steady blue flame. Keep holding the pilot button for about 30-60 seconds after the pilot lights. This allows the thermocouple (a safety device) to heat up and keep the pilot lit once you release the button.
- Release and Check: Slowly release the pilot button. If the pilot light goes out, repeat steps 3 and 4. If it stays lit, proceed to the next step.
5. Turn the Gas Back on Completely
Once the pilot light is burning steadily, turn the gas control knob from "Pilot" to your desired temperature setting (e.g., "Hot" or 120°F). The main burner should ignite with a soft "whoosh" sound shortly after, indicating it's heating the water.
6. Replace the Pilot Light Access Door or Cover
Safely replace the access door or cover to enclose the burner compartment. This is important for proper combustion airflow and safety.
Safety Precautions
- Read Your Manual: Always consult your water heater's owner's manual for specific instructions and safety warnings, as procedures can vary slightly by model.
- Ventilation: Ensure the area around your water heater is well-ventilated.
- Flammables: Never store flammable materials near your water heater.
- Professional Help: If you repeatedly have trouble lighting the pilot, suspect a gas leak, or are uncomfortable performing these steps, contact a qualified plumber or gas technician.
By following these instructions, you can effectively operate and maintain your gas water heater, ensuring a consistent supply of hot water for your home.
