To make a last name plural, generally add an -s to the end. If the last name already ends in an -s or -z, add -es.
Understanding Plural Last Names
Correctly pluralizing a last name is essential for clear communication, especially when referring to an entire family or multiple individuals with the same surname. The rules are straightforward and follow the same principles as pluralizing most common nouns.
The General Rule: Add -s
For the vast majority of last names, forming the plural is as simple as adding an -s to the end of the name. This indicates that you are referring to more than one person who shares that surname.
- Examples:
- If the last name is Johnson, the plural is "the Johnsons."
- If the last name is Webster, the plural is "the Websters."
- If the last name is Smith, the plural is "the Smiths."
- If the last name is Miller, the plural is "the Millers."
This rule is the most common and applies to names ending in most consonants and vowels.
Special Cases: Names Ending in -s or -z
When a last name already ends in an -s or -z, you need to add -es to form the plural. This addition helps with pronunciation and clearly distinguishes the plural form.
- Examples:
- If the last name is Jones, the plural is "the Joneses."
- If the last name is Martinez, the plural is "the Martinezes."
- If the last name is Williams, the plural is "the Williamses."
- If the last name is Hernandez, the plural is "the Hernandezes."
Important Note: You should never use an apostrophe to form a plural last name (e.g., "the Smith's" is incorrect for a plural). Apostrophes are used for possessives (e.g., "the Smiths' car" means the car belonging to the Smiths) or contractions.
Quick Reference: Pluralizing Last Names
Here's a summary of the rules for making last names plural:
| Last Name Ending | Rule | Example (Singular) | Example (Plural) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Most letters | Add -s | Johnson | The Johnsons |
| Webster | The Websters | ||
| -s | Add -es | Jones | The Joneses |
| Williams | The Williamses | ||
| -z | Add -es | Martinez | The Martinezes |
| Hernandez | The Hernandezes |
Tips for Correct Usage
- Avoid Apostrophes: This is the most frequent mistake. Remember, apostrophes signal possession or a contraction, not a simple plural. "The Millers are here," not "The Miller's are here."
- Read Aloud: If you're unsure, try saying the plural form aloud. The "-es" ending for names like "Jones" often sounds more natural as "Joneses."
- Context is Key: Always consider whether you intend to show plurality (multiple people) or possession (something belonging to them). For more detailed guidance, reputable grammar resources like Grammar Girl's article on pluralizing last names can offer further insights.
By following these straightforward rules, you can confidently and correctly pluralize last names in any written communication.
