In gymnastics, the term "start value" refers to an older scoring concept that has evolved into what is now officially known as the Difficulty Score. While the phrase "start value" is still used conversationally by some, the formal scoring system, particularly governed by the International Gymnastics Federation (FIG), has replaced it with a more comprehensive "open-ended" scoring model that emphasizes difficulty.
The Difficulty Score, which was previously referred to as the start value, is a crucial component of a gymnast's total score. It acknowledges the inherent challenge and complexity of a routine, distinct from its execution.
The Evolution from Start Value to Difficulty Score
Historically, gymnastics routines began with a fixed "start value," often 10.0. Gymnasts would then accrue deductions from this base for errors in execution. To achieve a perfect 10, a routine needed to be flawless and include certain required elements.
With the introduction of the open-ended scoring system, the "start value" transformed into the Difficulty Score (D-score). This change allowed for routines to achieve scores beyond a fixed maximum, rewarding increasingly complex and innovative performances.
Components of the Modern Difficulty Score
The Difficulty Score is not a single, pre-determined number but rather a calculation based on several factors within a routine. It includes credit for:
- Skills Performed: Each individual skill (or "element") in a routine is assigned a specific difficulty value (e.g., A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J skills, with A being the easiest and J the hardest). The specified number of the most difficult skills performed in the routine contribute to this part of the score.
- Connection Value: Credit is awarded for connecting high-level skills seamlessly. This rewards gymnasts for performing difficult combinations of elements without pauses or additional steps.
- Element Group/Compositional Requirements: Routines must include specific types of elements from different "element groups" to ensure a balanced composition. These requirements vary by apparatus (e.g., different types of swings on high bar, turns on floor, vaults). Fulfilling these requirements adds to the Difficulty Score.
Understanding Difficulty Values
Each skill in the Code of Points (the official rulebook) is categorized by its difficulty. For instance:
- A-Value: 0.1 points
- B-Value: 0.2 points
- C-Value: 0.3 points
- D-Value: 0.4 points
- E-Value: 0.5 points
- F-Value: 0.6 points
- G-Value: 0.7 points
- H-Value: 0.8 points
- I-Value: 0.9 points
- J-Value: 1.0 points
A gymnast's Difficulty Score is the sum of their most difficult skills, plus any connection values and fulfilled compositional requirements.
How the Difficulty Score Contributes to the Total Score
The total score in gymnastics is the sum of two main components:
| Score Component | Description |
|---|---|
| Difficulty Score | Reflects the intrinsic challenge of the routine, including the value of individual skills, connection bonuses, and fulfillment of element group requirements. This score is "open-ended," meaning there is no maximum. |
| Execution Score | Assesses how well the routine was performed. Judges deduct points for errors in technique, form, artistry, and landing. This score typically starts from 10.0, with deductions made for every mistake. The highest possible Execution Score is 10.0. (Often referred to as the E-score) |
Total Score = Difficulty Score + Execution Score
For example, if a gymnast has a Difficulty Score of 6.2 and an Execution Score of 8.9, their total score would be 15.1.
Why the Change from "Start Value" Was Important
The transition from a fixed "start value" to the open-ended Difficulty Score transformed gymnastics by:
- Encouraging Innovation: Gymnasts are motivated to develop and perform new, more challenging skills.
- Rewarding Risk: Higher difficulty carries more potential for a higher D-score.
- Clearer Differentiation: The system allows for a more precise distinction between routines of varying difficulty levels.
Understanding the Difficulty Score is essential for appreciating the complexity and athleticism involved in elite gymnastics, as it directly reflects the audacious skills and combinations gymnasts attempt.
