Hilo's name origin is steeped in a mix of historical theories and local legends, with most historians linking it to either the first night of the new moon or a significant Polynesian navigator. An intriguing alternative account suggests the name was bestowed by King Kamehameha himself.
Popular Theories on Hilo's Name
The most commonly accepted theories regarding the naming of Hilo revolve around two primary possibilities, both deeply connected to Hawaiian culture and navigation:
- The New Moon: One prevalent belief is that Hilo was named after the first night of the new moon. In traditional Hawaiian timekeeping, the phases of the moon held great significance, influencing activities like farming, fishing, and spiritual practices. The "hilo" phase specifically marks the crescent moon appearing after the dark moon, symbolizing new beginnings or growth.
- The Polynesian Navigator: Another widely held theory suggests the city was named in honor of a notable Polynesian navigator. These ancient mariners were renowned for their incredible skill in traversing vast ocean distances, using sophisticated knowledge of stars, currents, and wildlife. Naming a place after such a revered figure would have been a profound tribute to their legacy and expertise.
The Kamehameha Legend
Beyond the widely accepted historical theories, a captivating legend offers a different origin story for Hilo's name. As retold by Frances Reed in her book Hilo Legends, this account attributes the naming directly to the revered King Kamehameha. While the specifics of this legend vary, it suggests a personal connection between the great unifier of the Hawaiian Islands and the place that would become a prominent hub on the Big Island. This type of naming by a high-ranking chief was common in Hawaiian history, often commemorating an event, a personal characteristic, or a significant observation made by the aliʻi (royalty).
Summary of Hilo's Naming Theories
To summarize the various perspectives on Hilo's nomenclature, consider the following table:
| Theory Category | Specific Explanation | Context/Origin of Theory |
|---|---|---|
| Historical Belief | Named after the first night of the new moon | Commonly cited by historians, reflecting lunar significance |
| Historical Belief | Named after a prominent Polynesian navigator | Acknowledges the importance of ancient mariners |
| Legendary Account | Named directly by King Kamehameha himself | Popularized through local legends, as retold by Frances Reed |
Each of these explanations offers a glimpse into the rich cultural and historical fabric that defines Hilo, reflecting either celestial observations, the reverence for exploration, or the powerful influence of Hawaiian royalty.
