For promoting significant weight gain in horses, feeds rich in fats and oils are generally considered the most calorically dense and thus the most "fattening." These include ingredients like various types of oils and specialized dry fat supplements.
Understanding Weight Gain in Horses
Weight gain in horses is achieved by providing more calories than the horse expends daily. While all feed contributes calories, some types are far more concentrated sources of energy, leading to more efficient weight gain and improved body condition.
Top Feeds for Weight Gain
Several types of feed are highly effective in helping horses put on weight and improve their body condition:
- Oils and Dry Fat: These are the most concentrated sources of calories. A small volume of oil or dry fat supplement can provide a significant energy boost without adding bulk to the diet. They are highly digestible and can be easily incorporated into existing feed.
- Beet Pulp: A highly digestible fiber source, beet pulp is fermented in the horse's hindgut, providing a steady release of energy. It's often soaked before feeding, which also helps with hydration.
- Legume Forages: Alfalfa (lucerne) and clover are examples of legume forages that are richer in calories and protein compared to grass hays, making them excellent choices for adding weight. They provide quality protein for muscle and tissue development alongside energy.
- Brans: Rice bran is a popular choice, known for its good balance of fat, fiber, and protein. Wheat bran can also be used, though rice bran is often preferred for its higher fat content and better calcium-to-phosphorus ratio.
- Flax Seed: Also known as linseed, flax seed is a good source of omega-3 fatty acids and calories. It can be fed ground or whole (though grinding improves digestibility and nutrient absorption).
- Hay Cubes & Pellets: These are concentrated forms of forage that can provide consistent nutrition and calories. They are often used to supplement or replace traditional hay, especially when quality forage is scarce or a horse has dental issues.
How to Introduce Weight Gain Feeds
When adding "fattening" feeds to a horse's diet, it's crucial to do so gradually to allow their digestive system to adapt. Sudden changes can lead to digestive upset.
Here are some practical considerations:
- Start Small: Begin with a very small amount and slowly increase the quantity over several days to weeks.
- Monitor Condition: Regularly assess the horse's body condition score to track progress and adjust feed amounts as needed.
- Balance the Diet: Ensure that while adding calories, the overall diet remains balanced in terms of vitamins, minerals, and protein. Excessive calories without proper nutrient balance can lead to other health issues.
- Water Availability: Always ensure horses have access to fresh, clean water, especially when increasing feed intake.
Summary of Weight Gain Feeds
| Feed Type | Primary Benefit for Weight Gain | Key Characteristics |
|---|---|---|
| Oils & Dry Fat | Highest caloric density per volume | Concentrated energy, highly digestible |
| Beet Pulp | Highly digestible fiber, steady energy release | Good for gut health, often soaked |
| Legume Forages | Rich in calories & protein | Quality forage, supports muscle development |
| Brans (e.g., Rice) | Good balance of fat, fiber, protein | Concentrated nutrient source, palatability |
| Flax Seed | Omega-3s & calories | Supports coat health, good energy source |
| Hay Cubes & Pellets | Consistent nutrition, replaces or supplements hay | Easy to feed, reduces waste, consistent nutrient profile |
By strategically incorporating these calorie-dense options into a horse's diet, owners can effectively help horses gain weight and achieve optimal body condition.
