Kohbar art is a profoundly auspicious ritual painting integral to marriage ceremonies in the Mithila region, primarily drawn to bless the newlywed couple. This intricate art form is created by women of the household directly on the walls of the nuptial chamber, known as the 'Kohbar ghar'. Within this specially adorned room, the bride and groom perform various 'pujas' (worship rituals) and ceremonies, seeking blessings from divine entities and elder family members to ensure a harmonious, prosperous, and fertile union.
Origins and Significance
Originating from the ancient Mithila region, which spans parts of northern Bihar in India and southern Nepal, Kohbar art is deeply embedded in the cultural fabric and matrimonial traditions of the community. It is not merely decorative but serves a crucial ritualistic purpose, symbolizing fertility, prosperity, longevity, and the sacred bond of marriage. The paintings are believed to invoke divine protection and blessings for the couple's future, particularly for progeny and marital bliss.
Key Features and Symbolism
Kohbar art is characterized by its vibrant colors, intricate line work, and rich symbolism. It is traditionally made using natural pigments derived from everyday materials:
- White: From rice paste
- Red: From vermilion (sindoor)
- Yellow: From turmeric
- Black: From lamp black
The artwork typically features a central representation of deities, often accompanied by symbolic motifs from nature. These symbols are carefully chosen for their auspicious meanings, emphasizing themes of creation, fertility, and abundance.
Common Symbols in Kohbar Art
| Symbol | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Lord Shiva & Parvati | Divine union, eternal love, cosmic energy |
| Lord Ganesha | Remover of obstacles, bringer of good fortune |
| Sun & Moon | Eternal blessings, light, cosmic balance |
| Fish (Machh) | Fertility, prosperity, abundance, progeny |
| Bamboo (Bans) | Growth, longevity, family lineage |
| Lotus (Kamal) | Purity, beauty, spiritual enlightenment |
| Birds | Harmony, freedom, new beginnings |
| Tortoise | Longevity, stability |
| Elephant | Strength, wisdom, good luck |
Connection to Madhubani Art
Kohbar art is often considered a specialized genre or a ritualistic subset of Madhubani painting, also known as Mithila painting. While sharing similar aesthetic characteristics, materials, and a geographical origin, Kohbar art is distinct due to its specific purpose: it is exclusively created for marriage ceremonies and focuses on fertility and procreation themes, unlike the broader range of subjects found in general Madhubani art. Both forms are primarily practiced by women and passed down through generations.
The Ritualistic Process
The creation of Kohbar art is a communal effort, often involving several women from the family and community. The paintings are usually made freehand, without the use of stencils or preliminary sketches, showcasing the artists' skill and deep understanding of the symbolic language. The act of painting itself is a ritual, performed with devotion and prayers for the couple's future happiness. The 'Kohbar ghar' remains a sacred space throughout the initial days of the marriage, facilitating important post-wedding rituals.
Modern Context and Preservation
In contemporary times, while traditional Kohbar art continues to be practiced during weddings in the Mithila region, its distinctive style has also gained recognition beyond its ritualistic context. Elements of Kohbar art are now found in modern decor, fashion, and commercial art, contributing to the livelihood of many artists. Efforts are being made by cultural organizations and artists to preserve this unique heritage, ensuring its techniques and symbolic meanings are passed on to future generations.
