To be "well in his cups" means that a person is thoroughly or significantly drunk, having consumed a considerable amount of alcoholic beverages.
Understanding the Idiom
The phrase "in his cups" is an informal and old-fashioned idiom used to describe someone who is intoxicated. The addition of "well" emphasizes the degree of intoxication, suggesting the person is not just slightly tipsy but rather quite drunk, often to the point where their judgment or behavior is noticeably affected.
Key Aspects of the Phrase
- "In one's cups": This core idiom refers to the act of drinking from cups, which by extension implies consuming alcohol and becoming drunk.
- "Well": In this context, "well" acts as an intensifier, meaning thoroughly, considerably, or deeply. It's not about being "good" at being drunk, but rather being fully in that state.
Historical Context and Usage
The idiom "in one's cups" has been in use for centuries, highlighting a time when drinking vessels were commonly referred to as "cups." Its enduring presence in language, despite being considered old-fashioned, speaks to the timeless nature of discussing states of intoxication.
Common Characteristics of Being "Well in One's Cups"
When someone is well in their cups, they often exhibit certain behaviors due to lowered inhibitions and impaired judgment. These might include:
- Talking too freely: As an example, a person might disclose private information or express opinions they would normally keep to themselves.
- Impaired coordination: Stumbling, slurred speech, or difficulty performing simple tasks.
- Emotional shifts: Becoming overly jovial, tearful, or argumentative.
- Reduced self-awareness: Not fully realizing the impact of their actions or words.
Distinguishing Levels of Intoxication
While "in one's cups" generally means drunk, "well in one's cups" specifically denotes a more pronounced level of intoxication.
| Phrase | Implication | Severity |
|---|---|---|
| In his cups | The person is drunk. | Moderate |
| Well in his cups | The person is thoroughly or significantly drunk. | Significant |
| Tipsy | Slightly drunk; feeling the first effects. | Mild |
Modern Relevance
Although the idiom is old-fashioned, its meaning remains clear. One might still encounter it in literature, historical accounts, or when older generations speak. Understanding such phrases helps to appreciate the richness and evolution of the English language.
For more information on idioms, you can explore resources like The Free Dictionary.
