The current Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, which encompass Al-Masjid al-Haram (The Grand Mosque) in Mecca and Al-Masjid an-Nabawi (The Prophet's Mosque) in Medina, is Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, the King of Saudi Arabia.
The Title: Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques
The term "owner" is not typically used in the context of these sacred Islamic sites; rather, the ruler responsible for their care and protection holds the esteemed title of Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques (خادم الحرمين الشريفين, Khadim al-Haramayn al-Sharifayn). This title signifies a sacred duty to serve and protect the two holiest sites in Islam, rather than literal ownership.
Current Custodian
King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud assumed this significant role on January 23, 2015, upon his ascension to the throne of Saudi Arabia. His responsibilities involve the comprehensive management, maintenance, security, and expansion of these vital pilgrimage sites, ensuring they remain accessible and well-preserved for millions of Muslim pilgrims annually.
Here are key details regarding the current Custodian:
| Detail | Description |
|---|---|
| Name | Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud |
| Role | Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, King of Saudi Arabia |
| Since | January 23, 2015 |
| Formal Style | Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques |
| Diplomatic Style | His Majesty |
Significance of Al-Masjid al-Haram and Al-Masjid an-Nabawi
- Al-Masjid al-Haram (The Grand Mosque) in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, houses the Kaaba, the most sacred site in Islam, which Muslims face during daily prayers. It is the destination for the annual Hajj pilgrimage and the Umrah pilgrimage.
- Al-Masjid an-Nabawi (The Prophet's Mosque) in Medina, Saudi Arabia, contains the tomb of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. It is the second holiest site in Islam and a significant pilgrimage destination.
These two mosques are central to Islamic faith and practice, drawing millions of visitors from across the globe each year.
Historical Context of the Custodianship
The title "Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques" has a rich history, reflecting the profound importance placed on the stewardship of these sites. The first monarch known to have adopted this specific title was Saladin (Salah ad-Din Yusuf ibn Ayyub), the legendary founder of the Ayyubid dynasty, in the 12th century. His use of the title underscored his commitment to defending and preserving Islamic holy places.
In modern history, the kings of Saudi Arabia have consistently held this title, emphasizing their nation's unique role as the guardian of Islam's holiest sanctuaries. Prior to 1986, Saudi monarchs used the title "His Majesty," but King Fahd bin Abdulaziz Al Saud opted for "Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques" to highlight his and his successors' duty of service rather than mere royal authority. This tradition has been upheld by subsequent kings, including the current monarch, King Salman.
Responsibilities and Duties
The duties of the Custodian extend beyond symbolic representation and include:
- Management and Expansion: Overseeing vast expansion projects to accommodate the growing number of pilgrims, such as the ongoing expansion of the Grand Mosque in Mecca.
- Maintenance and Preservation: Ensuring the structural integrity, cleanliness, and overall upkeep of the mosques and their surrounding facilities.
- Security: Providing extensive security measures to ensure the safety and well-being of all visitors.
- Service Provision: Facilitating services for pilgrims, including healthcare, transportation, and accommodation during the Hajj and Umrah seasons.
- Infrastructure Development: Investing in infrastructure around the holy sites to enhance the pilgrimage experience.
The role of the Custodian is thus one of immense religious, logistical, and diplomatic significance, reflecting a deep commitment to the global Muslim community.
