"Nani desu ka?" (何ですか？) is a polite and versatile Japanese expression that directly translates to "What is it?" or "What is that?" It is widely used to inquire about something unknown, seek clarification, or simply ask for information.
Understanding the Phrase
This common Japanese phrase is essential for basic communication and understanding. Its politeness makes it suitable for most social interactions, whether you're speaking with friends, colleagues, or strangers.
Word Breakdown
To fully grasp the meaning of "Nani desu ka?", let's break down its individual components:
| Japanese Character(s) | Pronunciation | Meaning | Role in Phrase |
|---|---|---|---|
| 何 (何 / なに) | nani | what | The interrogative pronoun |
| です (です) | desu | is/am/are (polite copula) | Connects the noun/pronoun to a state |
| か (か) | ka | question particle | Indicates a question |
As you can see, "何" (nani) is the core word that signifies "what," forming the basis of the inquiry. The addition of "です" (desu) adds a polite tone, while "か" (ka) transforms the statement into a question.
When to Use "Nani desu ka?"
"Nani desu ka?" is a highly adaptable phrase applicable in numerous everyday scenarios. Here are some common situations where it is appropriately used:
- Inquiring About an Object: If someone points to an unfamiliar item or hands you something you don't recognize, you can ask, "Nani desu ka?" to find out what it is.
- Example: Seeing a strange device: "これは何ですか？" (Kore wa nani desu ka? - What is this?)
- Seeking Clarification: When you hear something unclear or need a speaker to repeat information, "Nani desu ka?" can be used to politely ask for clarification.
- Example: Not understanding a mumbled sentence: "何ですか？もう一度お願いします。" (Nani desu ka? Mou ichido onegai shimasu. - What was that? Please say it one more time.)
- Asking About a Situation: If an unexpected event occurs or you notice something unusual, you can use this phrase to inquire about the circumstances.
- Example: Hearing a sudden loud noise: "今の音は何ですか？" (Ima no oto wa nani desu ka? - What was that sound just now?)
- Responding to an Unclear Statement: If someone says something you completely don't understand, "Nani desu ka?" can express your confusion and prompt them to elaborate.
- Example: Someone speaks in a foreign language you don't know: "何ですか？分かりません。" (Nani desu ka? Wakarimasen. - What is it? I don't understand.)
By understanding the components and typical usage of "Nani desu ka?", you can confidently employ this phrase to navigate conversations and gather information in Japanese.
