The wing top, also known as a flame spreader or fish-tail burner accessory, is designed to produce a broad, flat, fan-shaped flame specifically required for applications such as bending glass tubing. This specialized flame shape provides a wider, more evenly distributed heat source compared to the narrow, conical flame of a standard Bunsen or Meker burner, making it essential for heating larger surfaces uniformly.
Understanding the Wing Top's Primary Purpose
The core function of a wing top attachment is to transform the concentrated flame of a laboratory burner into a specific configuration that is ideal for tasks requiring uniform heating over an extended area.
Specialized Flame for Glass Bending
When bending glass tubing, it's crucial to heat a section of the glass evenly and thoroughly to prevent cracking and ensure a smooth, consistent curve. The wing top accomplishes this by:
- Broadening the Flame: It spreads the flame across a wider horizontal plane.
- Creating a Flat Profile: The flame becomes less pointed and more like a sheet of fire.
- Ensuring Uniform Heat: This broad, flat profile allows for an even application of heat around the circumference and along a section of the glass tube.
Without a wing top, attempting to bend glass with a standard burner flame often results in localized overheating, leading to uneven bends, stress points, or even breakage.
Beyond Glass Bending: Other Applications
While glass bending is its primary and most recognized application, the wing top's ability to produce a broad, even flame can also be beneficial in other laboratory contexts:
- Heating Large Surfaces: For tasks that involve heating wider crucibles, evaporating dishes, or other containers where uniform heat distribution is desired.
- Annealing Small Metal Parts: In some metallurgy applications, a broad, soft flame might be preferred for controlled heating and cooling processes.
- Flame Testing: Occasionally used for flame tests where a wider area for sample presentation is advantageous.
How a Wing Top Works and Its Design
A wing top is a simple yet effective accessory. It typically consists of a metal cap with a narrow, slit-like opening that attaches to the top of a standard laboratory burner tube.
Attachment and Operation
- Placement: The wing top slides securely over the top opening of the burner's barrel.
- Gas Flow: As gas flows through the burner and exits through the narrow slit of the wing top, it creates resistance and forces the flame to spread out horizontally.
- Flame Shape: The resulting flame is characteristic – resembling a fish's tail or a pair of wings, hence its common names.
Selecting the Correct Size
To ensure optimal performance and a secure fit, it is important to select the correct size wing top for your burner. This is determined by measuring the outside diameter of your burner tube. A snug fit is crucial for safety and to prevent gas leaks or an unstable flame.
Benefits of Using a Wing Top
The use of a wing top offers several advantages for specific lab procedures:
- Enhanced Control: Allows for greater control over the heating process, particularly for delicate materials like glass.
- Improved Efficiency: Heats larger areas more quickly and evenly, reducing the time and effort required for tasks like glass manipulation.
- Increased Safety: Minimizes the risk of stress fractures and accidental breakage in glass, which can occur from uneven heating.
- Versatility: Extends the utility of a standard laboratory burner for specialized tasks.
Comparison: Standard Flame vs. Wing Top Flame
| Feature | Standard Bunsen/Meker Flame | Wing Top Flame |
|---|---|---|
| Shape | Conical, pointed, often with distinct inner/outer cones | Broad, flat, fan-shaped (fish-tail) |
| Heat Distribution | Concentrated, localized, intense at the tip | Evenly spread across a wider area |
| Primary Use | General heating, sterilizing loops, rapid boiling | Glass bending, uniform heating of large areas |
| Intensity | Higher localized intensity | Softer, more diffuse heat over a larger area |
For more detailed information on laboratory equipment and safety, consult reputable resources like laboratory safety manuals or educational chemistry guides.
