The Gloria section within Johann Sebastian Bach's monumental Mass in B Minor (BWV 232) features a variety of meters, each contributing to the unique character of its distinct movements.
The Meters of Bach's Gloria
The meters for each of the movements comprising the Gloria section are detailed in the table below:
| Movement Title | Key | Meter |
|---|---|---|
| Gloria in excelsis Deo, et in terra pax hominibus bonae voluntatis | D Major | 3/8, transitioning to 4/4 |
| Laudamus te, benedicimus te, adoramus te, glorificamus te | A Major | 4/4 |
| Gratias agimus tibi propter magnam gloriam tuam | D Major | 2/2 |
Understanding the Meter Changes
The varied meters within the Gloria section significantly contribute to the expressive character of each movement:
- The opening Gloria in excelsis Deo, et in terra pax hominibus bonae voluntatis begins in a vibrant 3/8 meter, often evoking a sense of joy and rapid motion. It then shifts to 4/4, known as common time, which provides a more stately and universally recognizable rhythmic foundation, creating a striking contrast.
- The Laudamus te, benedicimus te, adoramus te, glorificamus te movement consistently uses 4/4 meter, offering a steady and solid rhythmic pulse throughout its praises.
- The final Gratias agimus tibi propter magnam gloriam tuam movement is written in 2/2 meter, also called alla breve or cut time. This meter creates a feeling of two large beats per measure, lending a sense of grand momentum and spaciousness, fitting for a profound expression of gratitude.
