Picture mats are cut using specialized tools, primarily an X-Acto knife for straight outer edges and a mat cutter for precise, beveled interior window openings. These tools allow for custom sizing and a professional finish, enhancing the presentation of artwork or photographs within a frame.
Essential Tools for Cutting Picture Mats
Creating a perfectly cut picture mat requires specific tools designed for precision and clean lines. The choice of tool depends on the type of cut needed:
- X-Acto Knife: This versatile tool, commonly found at office supply or craft stores, is excellent for cutting the outer edges of the mat board. It's ideal for making straight, clean cuts to size the mat board so it fits perfectly within your picture frame.
- Mat Cutter: A dedicated mat cutter is a specialized tool essential for creating the interior window of the mat. Unlike an X-Acto knife, a mat cutter is designed to produce crisp, beveled edges, which add depth and a professional aesthetic to the mat's opening.
The Mat Cutting Process
Cutting a picture mat typically involves two main stages: sizing the outer dimensions and creating the inner window.
1. Sizing the Outer Edges
The first step is to cut the mat board to the correct outer dimensions, ensuring it fits snugly into your chosen frame.
- Measure Accurately: Determine the exact height and width of your frame's opening.
- Mark the Mat Board: Lightly mark these dimensions on the back of your mat board using a ruler and pencil.
- Use an X-Acto Knife:
- Place the mat board on a self-healing cutting mat to protect your work surface.
- Align a sturdy metal ruler with your pencil marks.
- Carefully use an X-Acto knife to cut along the lines, applying firm, even pressure. Multiple shallow passes often result in a cleaner cut than one deep pass.
2. Creating the Inner Window (Beveled Edge)
The inner window is where your artwork will be displayed, and a beveled edge adds a professional touch. This step requires a specialized mat cutter.
- Determine Window Dimensions: Measure your artwork to decide how much overlap you want (usually about 1/4 inch on each side to hold the artwork in place). Calculate the inner window's opening size.
- Mark the Window: On the back of your mat board, carefully mark the dimensions for the inner window. Ensure the borders (the distance from the outer edge of the mat to the inner window) are even or intentionally varied for specific designs.
- Utilize a Mat Cutter:
- Mat cutters come in various forms, from handheld to board-mounted models. All are designed to guide a blade at an angle (typically 45 degrees) to create the bevel.
- Position your mat board on the mat cutter, aligning the marked lines with the cutter's guides.
- Engage the blade and make precise cuts, ensuring all four corners meet cleanly. The blade cuts into the mat board at an angle, creating the desired bevel. Learn more about mat cutters.
Comparison of Tools
Here's a quick overview of the primary tools and their uses in mat cutting:
| Tool | Primary Function | Key Feature | Availability |
|---|---|---|---|
| X-Acto Knife | Cutting outer mat edges | Straight cuts | Office supply or craft stores |
| Mat Cutter | Creating interior window openings | Beveled edges | Craft stores, art supply stores, online |
Tips for Perfect Cuts
- Sharp Blades: Always use a new, sharp blade for both X-Acto knives and mat cutters. Dull blades can tear or fray the mat board.
- Practice: If you're new to mat cutting, practice on scrap pieces of mat board before cutting your final piece.
- Proper Lighting: Work in a well-lit area to ensure you can see your marks clearly.
- Safety: Always cut away from your body and keep fingers clear of the blade path.
By using the right tools and following these steps, you can achieve professional-looking picture mats that beautifully frame your art.
