The 117th Infantry Regiment boasts a distinguished and long-standing history, primarily recognized for its pivotal contributions during both World War I and World War II, particularly as a vital component of the famed 30th "Old Hickory" Infantry Division.
Formation and Early Years
The lineage of the 117th Infantry Regiment can be traced back to its organization within the Tennessee National Guard. Formed in the late 19th century, these citizen-soldiers were prepared to serve both their state and the nation. Their early years involved training and readiness, setting the foundation for future combat roles.
World War I Service
When the United States entered World War I, the Tennessee National Guard units were federalized and reorganized. The 117th Infantry Regiment was officially formed in 1917 and subsequently assigned to the 30th Division. Nicknamed "Old Hickory" after President Andrew Jackson, the 30th Division, including the 117th, deployed to the Western Front.
During its WWI service, the 117th Infantry participated in some of the war's most intense fighting. They were instrumental in the British sector, notably involved in critical offensives such as the Somme offensive and the Ypres-Lys offensive. Their bravery and effectiveness earned them high praise, contributing significantly to Allied victories.
World War II: A Pivotal Role in Europe
The 117th Infantry Regiment's role in World War II stands as one of its most defining periods, where it demonstrated exceptional valor and played a crucial part in the liberation of Europe.
Pre-Invasion Preparations
Activated for federal service in September 1940, the 117th Infantry, as part of the 30th Infantry Division, underwent rigorous training in the United States and later in England. This preparation was crucial for the massive undertaking of the Allied invasion of Normandy.
D-Day and the Battle of Normandy
The regiment participated directly in the monumental Battle of Normandy. Elements of the 117th Infantry Regiment landed on D-Day, June 6, 1944, at Omaha Beach, facing fierce German resistance and playing a critical role in establishing the Allied foothold in France. Following the initial landings, the regiment was heavily engaged in the brutal hedgerow fighting of Normandy, contributing to the breakout from the beachhead.
Advance Through France, Belgium, and Holland
As the Allies pushed eastward, the 117th Infantry continued to lead the charge. Their advance marked significant milestones:
- On September 4, 1944, the 30th Infantry Division, to which the 117th belonged, achieved the distinction of being the first American Infantry Division to enter Belgium. This signaled a crucial turning point in the liberation of Western Europe.
- Just eight days later, on September 12, 1944, the 117th Infantry Regiment itself became the first Allied Unit to enter Holland. These "firsts" underscore the rapid and effective advance of the regiment and its division.
Battle of the Bulge and Beyond
The 117th Infantry Regiment faced one of its sternest tests during the Battle of the Bulge in December 1944. Positioned in the Ardennes, they were instrumental in repelling the surprise German offensive, particularly in the vicinity of Malmedy, Stavelot, and Stoumont. Their stubborn defense was vital in stemming the German advance and contributing to the eventual Allied victory in the battle. Following the Bulge, the regiment continued its push into Germany, participating in the crossings of the Roer River and the Rhine River, and fighting until Victory in Europe Day in May 1945.
Post-War Era and Modern Legacy
After World War II, the 117th Infantry Regiment was inactivated but later reactivated as part of the Tennessee Army National Guard. While the full regiment structure may have evolved over time, its lineage continues through various units within the Tennessee National Guard, maintaining its proud traditions and readiness for future challenges. Elements tracing their heritage to the 117th have deployed in support of modern operations, including the Global War on Terror.
Key Engagements and Milestones
| Date / Period | Event | Significance |
|---|---|---|
| 1917 | Reorganization and Assignment | Formed and assigned to the 30th "Old Hickory" Division for WWI. |
| 1918 | Western Front Offensives | Participated in Somme and Ypres-Lys offensives in WWI. |
| Sept 1940 | Federal Activation | Activated for service in World War II. |
| June 6, 1944 | D-Day Landings | Landed on Omaha Beach, critical to establishing the Allied foothold in Normandy. |
| Sept 4, 1944 | First U.S. Division in Belgium | As part of the 30th ID, first American Infantry Division to enter Belgium. |
| Sept 12, 1944 | First Allied Unit in Holland | Became the first Allied Unit to enter Holland. |
| Dec 1944-Jan 1945 | Battle of the Bulge | Crucial role in defending against the German Ardennes Offensive. |
| 1945 | Roer and Rhine River Crossings | Participated in the final Allied push into Germany. |
Legacy and Honors
The 117th Infantry Regiment's history is a testament to the dedication and sacrifice of its soldiers. Its extensive list of battle honors from two World Wars solidifies its place in military history. The regiment's legacy is one of courage, resilience, and a consistent commitment to duty, shaping critical moments in the 20th century.
