A Bergen bag, often simply referred to as a "Bergen," is a large-capacity rucksack predominantly used by military personnel, particularly within the British Armed Forces, designed to carry essential combat and survival gear over extended periods.
Origins and Terminology
The term "Bergen" is widely believed to originate from the Norwegian city of Bergen, referencing early designs of robust, frame-supported backpacks suitable for demanding outdoor conditions. Over time, it became a generic term for the substantial rucksacks issued to soldiers. While sometimes spelled "Bergan," "Bergen" is the more common and officially recognized spelling in military contexts. These bags are engineered for durability and the rigorous demands of military operations, serving as the primary means for soldiers to transport their personal equipment in the field.
Purpose and Essential Contents
The primary purpose of a Bergen bag is to enable an individual soldier to carry all necessary equipment for sustained operations, often for several days or longer, independent of resupply. This includes everything required for their personal well-being, mission effectiveness, and survival in various environments.
What a Soldier Carries
Inside a Bergen backpack, a soldier is expected to carry a comprehensive set of gear to support their mission and personal needs. This typically includes:
- Sleeping system: Ensuring rest and recovery in diverse climates.
- Roll mat: Providing insulation and comfort for sleeping.
- Shelter: Components for creating a temporary shelter, such as a basha or bivvy bag.
- Tools: Essential items for fieldcraft, navigation, and minor repairs.
- Clothing: Spare uniforms, layers for warmth, and protective gear for various weather conditions.
- Spare equipment: Any additional items vital for specific missions or personal comfort.
The weight of a Bergen can vary significantly based on the mission, duration, and personal gear. During demanding training exercises like "weighted tabs" (forced marches), a soldier might be expected to carry as much as 25 kilograms in their Bergen. This substantial load is carried in addition to their Personal Load Carrying Equipment (PLCE), which includes items worn on the soldier's body, such as ammunition, water, and first aid.
Key Features and Design
Bergen bags are characterized by their robust construction and practical design, making them suitable for harsh environments and heavy loads.
Common Design Elements
| Feature | Description |
|---|---|
| Large Capacity | Typically ranging from 80 to 120 liters, allowing for extensive gear storage. |
| Durable Material | Constructed from heavy-duty, often waterproof or water-resistant fabrics like Cordura, designed to withstand abrasions and tears. |
| Frame System | Many models incorporate an internal or external frame to distribute weight effectively and maintain the bag's structure, enhancing comfort over long distances. |
| Modularity | Often feature attachment points for additional pouches (e.g., side pouches, rocket pouches) or equipment, allowing soldiers to customize their carry capacity and organization based on mission needs. |
| Compression Straps | Used to secure the load and reduce bulk, preventing items from shifting during movement. |
| Adjustable Harness | Padded shoulder straps, waist belts, and sternum straps are usually adjustable to fit different body types and optimize weight distribution. |
Usage and Significance
Bergen bags are integral to military operations, from basic training to specialized combat missions. They represent a soldier's mobile base of operations, ensuring they can sustain themselves and operate effectively in remote or austere environments. Their design allows for the ergonomic transport of heavy loads, crucial for maintaining endurance and operational capability during long patrols, deployments, and survival scenarios.
Modern Equivalents and Variations
While the traditional "Bergen" continues to be used, modern military rucksack designs incorporate advanced materials, improved ergonomic features, and greater modularity. Many contemporary military packs build upon the core principles of the Bergen, focusing on comfort, accessibility, and adaptability to evolving military requirements. Examples include various long-range patrol packs and specialized combat rucksacks used by armed forces worldwide, each designed to meet specific operational demands while maintaining the capacity for essential soldier-borne equipment.
