MYH9 refers to both a large gene and the essential protein it encodes, non-muscle myosin heavy chain IIA (NMHC IIA). Both the gene and its protein product possess intricate structures that are fundamental to their diverse roles within cellular processes.
The MYH9 Gene: A Blueprint for Protein Production
The MYH9 gene is a substantial genetic entity located on human chromosome 22. Its detailed structure provides the blueprint for synthesizing the non-muscle myosin heavy chain IIA protein.
Key characteristics of the MYH9 gene structure include:
- Location: Resides specifically on chromosome 22q12.3.
- Size: Spans an extensive region of more than 106 kilobase pairs (kbp).
- Composition: It is segmented into 41 distinct exons, which are the coding regions of the gene.
- Open Reading Frame (ORF): The functional genetic information that directs protein synthesis is contained within its open reading frame, spanning from exon 2 through to exon 41.
To provide a clearer overview, here's a summary of the MYH9 gene's structural attributes:
| Feature | Description |
|---|---|
| Chromosomal Location | 22q12.3 |
| Total Length | >106 kbp (kilobase pairs) |
| Number of Exons | 41 |
| Coding Region (ORF) | Exons 2 to 41 |
Non-Muscle Myosin Heavy Chain IIA (NMHC IIA): The Protein Product
The MYH9 gene directs the synthesis of a specific protein known as non-muscle myosin heavy chain IIA (NMHC IIA). This protein is a critical component of the cellular cytoskeleton, involved in various cellular activities such as cell motility, adhesion, and cytokinesis.
The structural characteristics of the NMHC IIA protein are defined by its primary sequence:
- Amino Acid Length: The protein consists of a long chain of 1,960 amino acids. This substantial length allows for the formation of complex three-dimensional structures essential for its function.
- Identity: It is specifically identified as non-muscle myosin heavy chain IIA, distinguishing it from other myosin isoforms found in muscle tissues.
Understanding the precise structure of both the MYH9 gene and its protein product, NMHC IIA, is crucial for comprehending their involvement in physiological processes and various associated health conditions. For more information, you can explore detailed genetic and protein databases like the NCBI Gene database.
