Ohio had several 'old' capitals before Columbus became its permanent seat of government, with Chillicothe serving as its initial and primary capital.
The Shifting Seats of Ohio's Government
The capital of Ohio did not remain in one location throughout its early history. Its journey involved a few temporary moves before settling permanently in Columbus.
Chillicothe: Ohio's First Capital
Chillicothe holds the distinction of being Ohio's very first capital city. It served as the state's political center from its inception until 1810. This period laid much of the groundwork for Ohio's early governance and development.
A Brief Sojourn in Zanesville
In 1810, the state capital was briefly relocated from Chillicothe to Zanesville. This move, however, was short-lived, lasting only two years.
Return to Chillicothe
After its brief period in Zanesville, the capital returned to Chillicothe in 1812. Chillicothe then continued its role as the capital for another four years.
The Permanent Move to Columbus
The final and permanent relocation of Ohio's capital occurred in 1816, when it was moved to Columbus. This decision was primarily driven by the desire to position the capital closer to the geographic center of the state, making it more accessible for citizens from all regions. Columbus has remained Ohio's capital ever since.
Timeline of Ohio's Capitals
To illustrate the progression of Ohio's capital cities, refer to the table below:
| Capital City | Period Served | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Chillicothe | Until 1810 | Ohio's inaugural capital. |
| Zanesville | 1810 – 1812 | Brief, temporary relocation. |
| Chillicothe | 1812 – 1816 | Capital returned for a second term. |
| Columbus | 1816 – Present | The permanent capital, chosen for its central location. |
This sequence of moves reflects the growing state's efforts to establish a central and accessible government for its evolving population.
