Cyclohexane is also known by the archaic name Hexanaphthene.
Understanding Cyclohexane
Cyclohexane is a saturated cyclic hydrocarbon, specifically a cycloalkane, with the chemical formula C₆H₁₂. It is widely recognized in chemistry and industry for its distinctive six-carbon ring structure and its role as a versatile solvent and chemical intermediate. Its preferred scientific name, as established by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), is simply Cyclohexane.
Alternative and Historical Names
While Cyclohexane is the standard and preferred name today, historically, it has been referred to by other designations. The most notable alternative name for cyclohexane is Hexanaphthene. This term is now considered archaic, indicating that it is an older name that is no longer commonly used in modern chemical nomenclature. Its historical usage reflects earlier naming conventions before the widespread adoption of standardized IUPAC guidelines.
Common Names for Cyclohexane
| Name | Usage Context |
|---|---|
| Cyclohexane | Preferred IUPAC Name |
| Hexanaphthene | Archaic (Historical) |
Key Characteristics and Applications
Cyclohexane is a colorless, flammable liquid with a pungent, sweet odor. It is known for its non-polar nature, making it an excellent solvent for various organic compounds.
- Structure: The molecule consists of a six-membered carbon ring where each carbon atom is bonded to two hydrogen atoms. This ring can adopt different conformations, with the 'chair' conformation being the most stable and prevalent.
- Properties: It is insoluble in water but highly miscible with many organic solvents, including ethanol, ether, and acetone. It has a relatively low boiling point and is volatile.
- Industrial Importance:
- Nylon Precursor: One of its primary industrial uses is as a raw material for the production of cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol. These compounds are crucial intermediates in the manufacturing of adipic acid and caprolactam, which are key monomers for Nylon 6 and Nylon 6,6, widely used synthetic polymers.
- Solvent: It serves as a solvent in the rubber industry, for fats, oils, waxes, and as a component in petroleum refining.
- Laboratory Use: In organic chemistry laboratories, it is frequently employed as a non-polar solvent for reactions and purification processes like recrystallization.
