While your body does not "reject" the tissue used in phalloplasty in the same way it might reject a transplanted organ, it can reject implantable prosthetic devices used to enable function, such as erectile implants.
Understanding Phalloplasty and Tissue Use
Phalloplasty is a complex surgical procedure that constructs a penis for transmasculine individuals. This process typically involves using tissue from the patient's own body (known as autologous tissue), commonly sourced from areas like the forearm, thigh, or abdomen. Because the tissue is from the patient's own body, it is genetically identical and, therefore, not subject to immunological rejection, which is the body's immune system attacking foreign tissue.The Role of Erectile Implants
For patients to achieve an erection after phalloplasty, an erectile implant is often surgically inserted into the neophallus during a subsequent stage of the reconstructive process. These devices allow for the necessary rigidity for penetrative intercourse.Risk of Implant Rejection and Infection
It is crucial to understand that while the constructed tissue is not rejected, the **erectile implant itself carries a risk of rejection**. As of September 2022, no implantable prosthetic devices have been FDA-approved specifically for phalloplasty. Instead, surgeons utilize devices originally intended for cisgender patients with erectile dysfunction.The risks associated with these implants include:
- Infection: Bacteria can colonize the implant, leading to severe infections that may necessitate removal of the device.
- Implant Rejection: The body can react adversely to the foreign material of the implant, which may manifest as chronic pain, inflammation, skin erosion, or extrusion (the implant pushing through the skin).
- Mechanical Failure: Like any medical device, implants can malfunction or break over time.
Should rejection or a severe infection occur, the implant often needs to be surgically removed, which can be a complex procedure and may impact future options for erectile function.
For more detailed information on surgical procedures and risks, consulting reputable medical sources such as Johns Hopkins Medicine or other specialized gender affirmation centers is recommended.
