The three people featured on an earlier design of the Philippine 1000-piso banknote are Jose Abad Santos, Josefa Llanes Escoda, and Vicente Lim. These national heroes were honored with their composite portraits on the obverse side of the bill when it was first introduced by the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) in 1991.
The Trio on the Obverse
The 1000-piso banknote, part of the New Design Series issued in 1991, uniquely showcased a composite portrait of three distinguished Filipinos. Each individual made significant contributions to the nation, particularly during World War II, symbolizing courage, sacrifice, and patriotism.
Jose Abad Santos
- Role and Significance: A prominent jurist and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines.
- Legacy: Known for his unwavering loyalty and defiance against the Japanese occupation forces during World War II. He refused to pledge allegiance to the Japanese and was subsequently executed, becoming a martyr for the nation. His steadfastness in upholding the constitution even under extreme duress remains a powerful symbol of integrity.
- Learn more: Explore the life of Jose Abad Santos on Wikipedia.
Josefa Llanes Escoda
- Role and Significance: A social worker, suffragette, civic leader, and a heroine of World War II.
- Legacy: She founded the Girl Scouts of the Philippines and was instrumental in various social welfare movements. During the war, she was involved in humanitarian efforts and aiding prisoners of war. She was arrested and executed by the Japanese for her resistance activities. Her contributions extended beyond wartime, advocating for women's rights and education.
- Learn more: Discover more about Josefa Llanes Escoda on Wikipedia.
Vicente Lim
- Role and Significance: A Brigadier General in the Philippine Army and the first Filipino graduate of the prestigious United States Military Academy at West Point.
- Legacy: A decorated military officer, General Lim played a crucial role in defending the Philippines during World War II. He was a hero of the Battle of Bataan and later became part of the guerrilla resistance movement. He was eventually captured and executed by the Japanese. His military leadership and dedication to duty set an example for future generations.
- Learn more: Read about Vicente Lim on Wikipedia.
Legacy and Representation
These three figures were chosen for the 1000-piso bill to commemorate their profound sacrifices and enduring legacies in Philippine history. Their combined presence on the banknote serves as a tribute to their patriotism, heroism, and unwavering commitment to freedom during one of the nation's most challenging periods.
Summary of the Personalities
For clarity, here's a brief overview of the three individuals depicted on the 1000-piso bill:
| Name | Primary Role / Significance | Key Contribution Highlight |
|---|---|---|
| Jose Abad Santos | Chief Justice of the Supreme Court | Refused to pledge allegiance to Japanese, executed as a martyr. |
| Josefa Llanes Escoda | Social Worker, Suffragette, Civic Leader, Founder of Girl Scouts | Humanitarian aid, resistance activities, executed by Japanese. |
| Vicente Lim | Brigadier General, First Filipino West Point Graduate | Hero of Bataan, led resistance efforts, executed by Japanese. |
Evolution of Philippine Banknotes
The design of Philippine banknotes has evolved over time, reflecting changes in national identity, historical events, and security features. The 1000-piso bill featuring Jose Abad Santos, Josefa Llanes Escoda, and Vicente Lim was part of the New Design Series that circulated for many years. Subsequent banknote series, such as the New Generation Currency series, have introduced different themes and imagery, but these three heroes remain significant figures in the nation's history.
