In the United States, shipping terminals are predominantly owned by public entities known as port authorities. These public organizations are responsible for overseeing and maintaining the vast infrastructure of major U.S. ports, which include the various specialized terminals within them.
Public Ownership of U.S. Ports and Terminals
Most major U.S. ports, encompassing a wide array of shipping terminals, are publicly owned rather than privately. The ownership rests with a specific type of public body called a "port authority."
- Nature of Port Authorities: A port authority is a public organization established to manage and develop port facilities. These entities are typically associated with different levels of government, ensuring public interest and strategic development.
- Government Affiliations: Port authorities can be linked to:
- City Governments: Administering ports vital to specific urban centers.
- County Governments: Overseeing ports within a county's jurisdiction.
- Regional Bodies: Managing port operations that serve multiple localities.
- State Governments: Operating ports of statewide or national importance.
- Terminals Within Ports: A port is a large maritime complex that contains numerous terminals. Each terminal is specifically designed to handle different types of cargo, such as:
- Container Terminals: For standard shipping containers.
- Bulk Cargo Terminals: For loose materials like grains, coal, or ore.
- Liquid Bulk Terminals: For petroleum, chemicals, or other liquids.
- Roll-on/Roll-off (RoRo) Terminals: For vehicles and wheeled cargo.
- Cruise Terminals: For passenger ships.
While these port authorities own the land, infrastructure, and facilities, including the individual terminals, the day-to-day operations of these terminals are often managed by separate entities known as terminal operators. This distinction means that while the public entity holds the ownership, the operational responsibilities may be handled by private companies under lease or concession agreements.
This public ownership model helps to ensure that port development aligns with broader economic and strategic goals, serving as vital gateways for international trade.
