Yes, a significant portion of the population in Bangladesh continues to experience poverty, although the country has made remarkable progress in reducing it over the past decades. While economic growth has lifted many out of extreme poverty, challenges persist for a notable segment of the population.
Understanding Poverty in Bangladesh
Poverty in Bangladesh is assessed through various metrics, including national poverty lines and international standards, alongside indicators of social well-being. These figures paint a picture of ongoing efforts and remaining gaps in ensuring a decent standard of living for all citizens.
Here are some key statistics regarding poverty in Bangladesh:
| Indicator | Statistic | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Population below national poverty line | 18.7% | 2022 |
| Employed population below $2.15 PPP/day | 5.8% | 2023 |
| Under-5 mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) | 29 | 2022 |
Dimensions of Poverty
- National Poverty Line: In 2022, 18.7% of the population lived below the national poverty line. This indicates that nearly one-fifth of Bangladesh's population still struggles to meet their basic needs as defined by the country's own standards.
- International Poverty Line: Focusing on extreme poverty among the working population, in 2023, 5.8% of the employed population earned less than $2.15 in purchasing power parity (PPP) per day. This international benchmark highlights that a segment of those who are employed still live on very meager incomes, making them vulnerable to economic shocks.
- Child Mortality as an Indicator: The under-5 mortality rate, with 29 deaths for every 1,000 babies born in 2022, is a critical indicator of overall living conditions. A higher rate often correlates with inadequate access to healthcare, malnutrition, poor sanitation, and other deprivations linked to poverty. While this figure has seen significant improvement over the years, it still points to ongoing vulnerabilities for the youngest members of society.
Efforts and Challenges in Poverty Reduction
Bangladesh has been highly successful in reducing poverty rates, demonstrating strong economic growth and effective social safety net programs. However, challenges remain, including:
- Vulnerability to Shocks: Many households are susceptible to natural disasters, climate change impacts, and economic downturns, which can push them back into poverty.
- Inequality: Despite overall poverty reduction, disparities can persist between urban and rural areas, and among different demographic groups.
- Quality of Employment: While employment rates may be high, a significant portion of jobs are informal and offer low wages, contributing to the "working poor" phenomenon.
- Access to Quality Services: Ensuring universal access to quality education, healthcare, and sanitation remains crucial for sustainable poverty eradication.
To further combat poverty, strategies often include:
- Investing in Human Capital: Improving education, skills training, and healthcare access can enhance earning potential.
- Strengthening Social Safety Nets: Targeted programs like cash transfers and food assistance protect the most vulnerable.
- Promoting Inclusive Economic Growth: Fostering sectors that create decent jobs and ensure fair wages.
- Building Resilience: Implementing measures to mitigate the impacts of climate change and other shocks on vulnerable communities.
