The illness consistently found on Martha's Vineyard is tularemia. This bacterial disease, while relatively rare in most of Massachusetts, has been documented on Martha's Vineyard every year since 2000.
Understanding Tularemia on Martha's Vineyard
Tularemia is a serious bacterial infection that can affect both animals and humans. Its consistent presence on Martha's Vineyard makes it a notable health concern for residents and visitors, particularly certain demographics.
- Annual Occurrence: Unlike other parts of Massachusetts where tularemia cases are uncommon, Martha's Vineyard has reported cases annually for over two decades, starting from the year 2000.
- High-Risk Groups: The majority of individuals affected by tularemia on the island are those who work outdoors. Landscapers, in particular, represent a significant portion of the reported cases, suggesting a link to environmental exposure during their work.
What is Tularemia?
Tularemia is caused by the bacterium Francisella tularensis. It can be transmitted to humans through various means, including:
- Tick and Deer Fly Bites: The most common mode of transmission.
- Handling Infected Animals: Especially rabbits, hares, and rodents.
- Inhaling Contaminated Aerosols: From mowing over an infected animal carcass.
- Contaminated Food or Water: Though less common.
Symptoms of tularemia can vary depending on the route of infection but often include fever, skin ulcers, swollen lymph nodes, and pneumonia. Early diagnosis and treatment with antibiotics are crucial for recovery.
Protecting Yourself
Given the ongoing presence of tularemia on Martha's Vineyard, especially for those working outdoors, it's important to take preventive measures:
- Use Insect Repellent: Apply repellents containing DEET or picaridin when outdoors.
- Wear Protective Clothing: Long sleeves and pants can help prevent tick and insect bites.
- Check for Ticks: Conduct thorough tick checks after spending time outdoors.
- Avoid Contact with Sick or Dead Animals: Do not handle wild animals without proper protection.
- Be Cautious During Landscaping: Especially when disturbing areas where small animals might reside.
For more detailed information on tularemia, you can refer to public health resources such as Mass.gov.
