Augustus, the first Roman emperor, is reported to have uttered two distinct sets of last words, reflecting both his monumental achievements and his personal reflection on his life and reign.
The Final Utterances of Augustus
Augustus Caesar passed away in A.D. 14, leaving behind an empire that was both secure and at peace. His reported final words offer a unique glimpse into his perception of his monumental legacy and his personal assessment of his life's performance.
A Legacy for Rome
To his subjects, Augustus conveyed his profound impact on the capital city, symbolizing the immense transformation Rome underwent during his reign:
"I found Rome of clay; I leave it to you of marble."
This powerful statement highlights his extensive urban development and the beautification of Rome. He transformed the city from a collection of brick or humble structures into a magnificent imperial capital adorned with grand marble buildings, showcasing his dedication to public works and the grandeur of the empire.
A Personal Reflection
To the close friends who had supported him throughout his ascent to power and his long reign, Augustus posed a more introspective and poignant question:
"Have I played the part well?"
This query suggests a theatrical metaphor for his life, implying that his reign was a performance on the grand stage of history. It reflects a desire for validation from those closest to him, seeking affirmation that he had fulfilled his role as emperor and leader effectively and honorably.
Summary of Augustus' Last Words
The table below summarizes the two distinct sets of last words attributed to Augustus:
| Addressed To | Reported Last Words | Implied Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| His Subjects | "I found Rome of clay; I leave it to you of marble." | His transformative impact on Rome's architecture and grandeur. |
| His Close Friends | "Have I played the part well?" | A personal reflection on his life's performance and reign. |
Augustus' final words encapsulate the dual nature of his legacy: the public, tangible transformation of Rome, and the private, reflective assessment of his own life's journey and leadership.
For more information on the life and accomplishments of Augustus, you can explore resources on ancient Roman history.
