Northumberland is exceptionally rural, with 97% of its area officially classified as rural, making it one of England's most sparsely populated counties.
Understanding Northumberland's Rural Character
Northumberland's vast landscape and low population density are key indicators of its profound rurality. Covering an expansive area of 5,013 square kilometers, the county is home to approximately 316,000 people. This results in a population density of just 63 people per square kilometer, which is significantly lower than the average for England, emphasizing its wide-open spaces and natural dominance over urban development.
To put its rurality into perspective, here are some key statistics:
| Statistic | Value |
|---|---|
| Total Area | 5,013 km² |
| Rural Area Percentage | 97% |
| Total Population | Approximately 316,000 |
| Population Density | 63 people per km² |
Factors Contributing to Northumberland's Rurality
Several geographical and administrative factors underscore why Northumberland remains so predominantly rural:
- Protected Landscapes: A substantial portion of Northumberland is dedicated to conservation and natural preservation. This includes the Northumberland National Park in the west, encompassing the Cheviot Hills and Hadrian's Wall, and the Northumberland Coast Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) along its eastern coastline. These designations restrict large-scale development, safeguarding the natural environment.
- Extensive Wilderness: Beyond designated parks, areas like Kielder Forest, one of the largest planted forests in England, contribute to vast, unpopulated stretches.
- Dispersed Settlements: While Northumberland has charming market towns such as Alnwick, Hexham, and Morpeth, the majority of its population lives in smaller villages, hamlets, and isolated farmsteads scattered across the countryside.
- Agricultural Dominance: Large tracts of land are devoted to farming, including arable land and extensive sheep and cattle grazing, which naturally maintain a rural landscape.
The Impact of Its Rurality
Northumberland's profound rurality shapes its identity, economy, and lifestyle:
- Tourism Focus: The unspoiled landscapes, historical sites, and opportunities for outdoor activities are major draws for tourists. Walking, cycling, stargazing (Northumberland boasts the largest area of protected night sky in Europe, designated as a Dark Sky Park), and wildlife watching are popular pursuits.
- Biodiversity Hotspot: The diverse rural habitats support a rich array of wildlife, from puffins and other seabirds along the coast to red squirrels and roe deer in the forests.
- Community Life: Many of its smaller communities foster strong local traditions and a close-knit community spirit.
- Infrastructure Challenges: While charming, the sparse population and vast area can pose challenges for the provision of modern infrastructure and services, such as public transport and high-speed internet connectivity, in some remote areas.
Overall, Northumberland's rural character is not just a statistic; it defines its natural beauty, way of life, and appeal as a destination for those seeking tranquility and outdoor adventure in the heart of England.
