In Sanskrit, the concept of 'God' can be expressed through several terms, each carrying distinct nuances. The most common and direct equivalents found for 'God' are देव (Deva) and परमेश्वर (Parameśvara).
Primary Sanskrit Terms for God
When translating 'God' into Sanskrit, the specific term often depends on whether it refers to a supreme, singular deity or a general divine being.
- देव (Deva): This is a widely used masculine term that signifies a divine being, a deity, or a god in a general sense. It can refer to the various gods within a pantheon or a general concept of divinity. It is often translated as 'God' with a capital 'G', implying a significant divine entity.
- परमेश्वर (Parameśvara): This masculine term literally means 'Supreme Lord' or 'Highest God.' It is typically used to refer to the singular, ultimate divine being, often aligning with a monotheistic understanding of God.
For a related feminine divine entity, the term is:
- देवता (Devatā): This is a feminine term meaning 'Goddess' or 'deity,' often referring specifically to a female divine entity.
Summary of Sanskrit Equivalents
The following table summarizes the Sanskrit terms for 'God' and related divine concepts:
| Sanskrit Term | Gender | English Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| देव | m. | God |
| परमेश्वर | m. | god |
| देवता | f. | Goddess |
These terms encapsulate the various ways divinity is addressed and understood within Sanskrit literature and philosophical traditions.
