Humans typically do not get actual barnacles, which are marine crustaceans. Instead, when people refer to "barnacles" on human skin, they are almost always talking about a common, noncancerous skin growth known medically as seborrheic keratosis. These growths are linked to aging and sun exposure and become more prevalent as individuals get older.
What Are "Barnacles" on Human Skin?
The term "barnacles" on human skin is a colloquial way to describe seborrheic keratoses. These are benign (noncancerous) skin growths that appear as discolored, often raised, patches on the skin. While they can resemble actual barnacles in texture or appearance due to their rough, waxy, or stuck-on look, they are entirely different from the crustaceans found on rocks or boats.
Primary Causes and Risk Factors
The development of seborrheic keratoses is primarily associated with two key factors:
- Aging: These skin growths are a normal part of the aging process. As people grow older, it's very common to develop multiple seborrheic keratoses. They are rarely seen in children and young adults but become increasingly common after the age of 40.
- Sun Exposure: Prolonged or significant exposure to the sun's ultraviolet (UV) rays is a contributing factor to their development, particularly on areas of the body frequently exposed to the sun.
- Genetics: There can also be a genetic predisposition, meaning if your parents or other family members have them, you might be more likely to develop them too.
- Friction: In some cases, growths may appear in areas subject to constant friction, such as under the breasts or in skin folds.
Characteristics and Appearance
Seborrheic keratoses can vary in appearance, but they typically share several distinguishing characteristics:
| Characteristic | Description |
|---|---|
| Appearance | Often appear waxy, scaly, or slightly raised, looking as if they are "stuck on" the skin's surface. |
| Color | Can range from light tan to dark brown or even black. |
| Texture | May feel rough, greasy, or waxy to the touch. |
| Size | Vary greatly in size, from tiny dots to larger patches several centimeters across. |
| Location | Commonly found on the face, scalp, neck, chest, back, shoulders, and other sun-exposed areas. |
They are usually round or oval but can also have irregular shapes.
Are They Harmful?
Seborrheic keratoses are generally harmless and do not turn into skin cancer. However, they can sometimes be a cosmetic concern or become irritated if they rub against clothing.
It's important to consult a healthcare professional if:
- A growth changes in appearance, color, or size rapidly.
- It bleeds, itches, or becomes painful.
- You are unsure whether a new growth is a seborrheic keratosis or another type of skin lesion.
For more detailed information on seborrheic keratosis, you can refer to reputable sources like the American Academy of Dermatology Association or the Mayo Clinic.
Management and Treatment
Since seborrheic keratoses are benign, treatment is typically not necessary unless they become irritated, itchy, or if you wish to remove them for cosmetic reasons. Common removal methods include:
- Cryotherapy: Freezing the growth with liquid nitrogen, which causes it to blister and fall off.
- Electrocautery: Burning off the growth using an electric current.
- Shave Excision: Shaving the growth off the skin using a surgical blade.
- Laser Therapy: Using a laser to remove the growth, often preferred for delicate areas like the face.
These procedures are usually performed by a dermatologist in an outpatient setting.
