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How to survive a tsunami?

Published in Tsunami Safety 3 mins read

To survive a tsunami, immediate and decisive action is crucial, combining preparedness with rapid response to natural and official warnings.

Understanding Tsunami Warnings

Being able to recognize warning signs and official alerts is paramount for survival.

Natural Warning Signs

Even without official alerts, the ocean itself can provide critical warnings:

  • Strong Earthquake: If you are in a coastal area and feel an earthquake strong enough to make it difficult to stand, a tsunami could follow within minutes. In such a scenario, Drop, Cover, then Hold On to protect yourself from the earthquake first, then immediately prepare for a tsunami.
  • Loud Ocean Roar: A sudden, unusual roaring sound coming from the ocean can indicate an approaching tsunami.
  • Sudden Ocean Changes: A rapid and unexplained rise or draining of ocean waters from the beach, exposing the seabed, is a clear sign that a tsunami is imminent. This is not a normal tide.

Official Alerts

Always listen to emergency information and alerts from authorities. These may include:

  • Tsunami Watch: A tsunami watch is issued when a potential tsunami-generating event has occurred. This means a tsunami is possible, and you should stay informed and be prepared to take action.
  • Tsunami Warning: A tsunami warning means a dangerous tsunami is imminent or expected. Evacuate immediately.
  • Emergency Broadcasts: Tune into local radio, television, or NOAA Weather Radio for updates and instructions.
  • Local Warning Systems: Many coastal communities have sirens or other notification systems. Know your local system.

Here's a quick guide to recognizing and responding to warnings:

| Warning Type | Description | Action A tsunami watch means a tsunami is possible. You should stay informed and be ready to act. | If a tsunami warning is issued, evacuate immediately. If a natural tsunami sign is present (e.g., strong earthquake, sudden ocean retreat), evacuate without waiting for an official warning. |

Immediate Evacuation

DO NOT wait for an official tsunami warning if you are alerted by natural signs.

  • Move Inland: Get to high ground as far inland as possible. The safest elevation is at least 100 feet above sea level, and ideally at least a mile away from the coast.
  • Follow Evacuation Routes: If your community has designated tsunami evacuation routes, use them.
  • Travel by Foot: If possible, evacuate on foot to avoid traffic jams.
  • Stay Informed: Listen to emergency information and alerts from authorities once you are safe.

If Caught in the Water

If you are caught in tsunami waters:

  • Grab Onto Something: Try to grab onto something that floats to use as a raft.
  • Avoid Debris: Be aware of debris, which can cause severe injury.
  • Climb: If possible, climb onto the roof of a sturdy building or into a tall, strong tree.

After a Tsunami: Stay Safe

Once the immediate danger has passed, safety remains a priority.

  • Stay Out of Damaged Areas: Do not return to damaged areas until authorities declare it safe.
  • Listen to Authorities: Continue to listen to official updates and instructions from emergency services.
  • Beware of Aftershocks and Secondary Waves: A tsunami often consists of multiple waves. The first wave may not be the largest, and dangerous waves can arrive for hours. Aftershocks from an earthquake can also pose a risk.
  • Inspect Your Home: Before re-entering your home, check for structural damage, gas leaks, and electrical hazards.
  • Help Others: If you are able, assist those who may need help, especially the elderly, infants, or people with disabilities.