To store 5 gallons of water safely and effectively, utilize clean, food-grade containers, fill them completely to eliminate air, and store them in a cool, dark location away from potential contaminants. Proper water storage is a fundamental aspect of emergency preparedness and ensuring access to potable water for drinking, cooking, and hygiene.
1. Choosing the Right Containers
The foundation of safe water storage lies in selecting appropriate containers. Not all containers are suitable for long-term water storage, as some plastics can leach chemicals or degrade over time.
- Food-Grade Plastic Containers (HDPE #2): These are the most common and recommended choice. Look for the recycling symbol #2, often found on sturdy plastic jugs or drums designed for water or food. They are durable, lightweight, and less prone to breaking than glass. Options include 5-gallon water cooler bottles or dedicated water storage containers.
- Glass Containers: While inert and non-leaching, glass is heavy, fragile, and must be stored carefully to prevent breakage. If using glass, ensure it's thick and protected from light.
- Stainless Steel Containers: Excellent for long-term storage due to their durability and inert nature. However, they can be significantly more expensive than plastic alternatives.
Avoid:
- Used Milk Jugs or Juice Cartons: These single-use containers are designed for short-term storage and can degrade, leach chemicals, or harbor bacteria even after cleaning. Their thin plastic also allows oxygen to permeate easily.
- Containers that Previously Held Non-Food Items: Never use containers that stored chemicals, cleaning solutions, or other non-potable substances, as residues can contaminate your water.
2. Preparing Your Containers
Proper preparation is vital to prevent contamination and ensure the longevity of your stored water.
- Wash Thoroughly: Clean new or previously used containers with hot, soapy water. Use a bottle brush for hard-to-reach areas.
- Rinse Completely: Rinse thoroughly to remove all soap residue.
- Sanitize: For an extra layer of protection, sanitize containers with a mild bleach solution. Add 1 teaspoon of unscented household liquid chlorine bleach (5-6% sodium hypochlorite) per gallon of water the container holds. Fill the container with this solution, cap it, shake well, and let it stand for at least 30 seconds.
- Rinse Again: Empty the sanitizing solution and rinse the container with potable (drinkable) water until you can no longer smell bleach. Allow to air dry completely or dry with a clean cloth.
3. Filling and Sealing
The way you fill your containers can significantly impact water quality over time.
- Use Potable Water: Always fill containers with water that is safe to drink, such as municipal tap water or purified water.
- Fill to the Top: When using plastic containers, fill them completely to the top, leaving no air space. This critical step minimizes oxygen exposure, which can inhibit the growth of bacteria and algae, ensuring your water remains fresh longer.
- Securely Cap: Seal containers tightly with their original caps to prevent leaks and re-contamination.
4. Optimal Storage Location
Your storage location is paramount for maintaining water quality and safety.
- Cool, Dry, and Dark Area: Choose a cool, dry, and dark area, such as a basement, pantry, or closet. Ideal temperatures range from 50-70°F (10-21°C). Direct sunlight or fluctuating temperatures can degrade containers and promote bacterial growth.
- Away from Contaminants: Crucially, this location must be away from potential contaminants like petroleum products, insecticides, strong-smelling foods, or perfumed items. Plastics can be permeable to certain vapors, leading to off-flavors or chemical contamination of your stored water.
- Accessibility: Store water in a location that is easily accessible but out of the way of daily activities to prevent accidental damage.
- Elevated Storage: If possible, store containers slightly off the floor on shelves or pallets to protect them from spills or flooding.
5. Water Rotation and Maintenance
Even properly stored water has a shelf life. Regular rotation ensures you always have the freshest water available.
- Label and Date: Clearly label each container with the date it was filled.
- Rotate Annually: For best quality, rotate and replace stored water every 6 to 12 months. This ensures freshness and reduces the risk of stagnation or container degradation.
- Inspect Regularly: Periodically check your containers for leaks, cracks, or signs of contamination (e.g., cloudy water, unusual odors).
For more detailed guidance on emergency water storage, consult resources from reputable organizations like the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) or the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).
Quick Water Storage Guidelines
| Aspect | Recommendation |
|---|---|
| Containers | Food-grade plastic (HDPE #2), glass, or stainless steel |
| Preparation | Clean with soap, sanitize with diluted bleach, rinse thoroughly |
| Filling | Use potable water, fill plastic containers completely to the top |
| Location | Cool, dark, dry; away from chemicals, fuels, and strong odors |
| Rotation | Label with date, replace water every 6-12 months |
By following these guidelines, you can confidently store 5 gallons of water, ensuring a safe and reliable supply for any unforeseen circumstances.
